&&000 USA SCHOOLBOOKS US904X.TXT 5 PUBLISHERS: SAMPLES Macmillan; Silver Burdett Ginn; Houghton Mifflin And this sample: 1990S (1997) Macmillan/McGraw-Hill only n=8 pages ADDED: Scott Foresman 1993 4th GRADE Xeroxed, then later scanned, ocr'd and edited by dph 22 June 2004 &&111 In =1962, =RachelCarson was probably the most famous woman in the =UnitedStates because of her best-selling book -SilentSpring, which had just been published. =SilentSpring warned about the dangers of poisonous chemicals such as =DDT that were widely used to kill insect pests. =Carson wrote that these poisons were spreading throughout the world-in the air, water, and soil. She wanted every one to be aware of the long-term consequences of spraying crops and orchards with chemicals. How did =RachelCarson come to write about pesticides and pollution, little known subjects more than twenty-five years ago? From an early age, =Carson loved nature. Born in =1907, she grew up on a farm in =Pennsylvania. At the age of ten, she had a story published in =StNicholas, a children's magazine. She planned to become a writer when she grew up. When she graduated from college in =1928, however, her degree was in zoology, the study of animals. She felt that work in the world of nature was more important to her than writing fiction. That summer, =Carson saw the ocean for the first time when she did research at the =USBiologicalLaboratory on =CapeCod, =Massachusetts. For the rest of her life, =Carson was rarely far away from the ocean. =Carson continued her education in marine biology, the study of the sea and its animal life. She landed a job with the =BureauofFisheries and wrote factual articles about the ocean that were adapted for radio broadcasts. =Carson later collected her articles into one manuscript and sold it to the =AtlanticMonthly. This article grew into =Carson's first book, =UndertheSeaWind, which describes the sea's living creatures in relation to their surroundings and each other. Reviewers loved there are about ninety kinds of whales in the world. Scientists divide them into two main groups: toothed whales and baleen whales. Toothed whales have teeth and feed mostly on fish and squid. They have only one blowhole and are closely related to dolphins and porpoises. The sperm whale is the only giant among the toothed whales. It is the animal that comes to mind when most people think of a whale. A sperm whale has a huge, squarish head, small eyes, and a thin lower jaw. All the fist-sized teeth, about fifty of them, are in the lower jaw. The male grows to sixty feet long and weighs as much as fifty tons. The female is smaller, reaching only forty feet and weighing less than twenty tons. A sperm whale's main food is squid, which it catches and swallows whole. A sperm whale is not a very fast swimmer, but it is a champion diver. It dives to depths of a mile in search of giant squid and can 'stay underwater for more than an hour. By winter a crane with a wrecking ball was parked outside. Mama gathered everyone to watch from our front window. In three slow blows that building was knocked into a heap of pieces. Then workers took the rubble away in a truck and filled the hole with dirt. Now this block looks like a big smile with one tooth missing. =OldManHammer sits on his stoop and shakes his head. "Look at that piece of junk land on a city block," =OldManHammer says. "Once that building could've been saved. But nobody even tried." And every day when I pass this lot it makes me sad to see it. Every single day. Then spring comes, and right on schedule Miss =Rosa starts cleaning her coffee cans. Miss =Rosa and I keep coffee cans outside our windowsills. Every year we buy two packets of seeds at the hardware store-sometimes marigolds, sometimes zinnias, and one time we tried tomatoes. We go to the park, scoop some dirt, and fill up the cans halfway. friend her very best friend. Why shouldn't she let me know that she wanted to be =Priscilla I wouldn't care. I let her kn my plans. I didn't go sne around." "Are you angry =beca got the part?" It was hard for me to, answer. I thought about little while. "=Abuelita, I don't think so. She was really the part." "Were you as good when I tried out for =Priscilla?" "No." I looked at =Abuei "I stunk." We both laughed. "Then maybe you are not angry at =Gigi at all." "What do you mean?" "Well, maybe you are a little bit hurt?" "Hurt?" I felt confused. "Do you know what I think? I think you are hurt because your best friend didn't trust you. From what you tell me, you trusted her, but she didn't have faith in you. What do you think?" "Yes." I nodded. "=Abuelita, yes. I don't know why. =Gigi and I always tell each other everything. Why did she act like that to me?" "Have you asked her?" "Why not? Aren't you two speaking to each other?" "We're speaking. =Gigi tried to be friendly a few times." "Don't you want to stay her friend?" "I do. Only she came over to me acting like like nothing ever happened. And something did happen! What does she think? That she can go around being sneaky and I'm going to fall all over her? Just because she got the best part, she thinks she's special." he best thing about having a mom who's blind is getting a special dog like =Marit, =Mom's dog guide. At least that's what my brother, =Joei. and I used to think. Then, four months ago, =Marit died. And it became the worst thing. =Marit had been with us since before I was born. Her death left a big hole in our family. I kept thinking I heard her whimpering for a =Frisbee game. Any time I left pizza on the counter, I would race back to the rescue. But there was no sneaky dog about to steal it. For my birthday =Joel gave me a rabbit that I named =Methuselah. Although it helped to have a soft bunny, I still wanted =Marit. =Mom missed her even more. She didn't lose just a sweet, furry pet. She lost her favorite way of traveling, too. She had to use her cane again. and crept along the the opposite curb and kept walking toward the traffic. I had to holler to get her onto the sidewalk. After that, I worried about her running errands by herself. I asked her to "go sighted guide," holding =Dad's, =Joel's, or my arm. Sometimes she did. But mostly she used the cane. She didn't want to depend on us-or on anybody. A lot of blind people do fine with a cane. It's like a real long arm to help them feel what's around: walkways, hedges, mailboxes. With a dog guide, blind people use their hearing more than touch. =Mom has trained her ears. It's amazing: she can tell when something, like a movie marquee, is above her head, and when she passes a lamppost. She knows from the change in the sound of her footsteps. In spite of =Mom's special hearing, I worried. I was relieved when All activity in a beehive revolves around the queen bee. She is the mother of the hive, laying thousands of eggs that hatch into more beesworkers, drones, even new queen bees. The worker bees are females. They gather pollen from flowers, bring it to the hive, and make it into beebread and honey. Worker bees also produce wax to make honeycomb. Drones are male bees. They do not do any work. Drones mill about the hive, eating, growing fat, until one of them is singled out to mate with the queen. When that drone is chosen and mating is done, all the drones are driven from the hive. Since drones cannot feed themselves, they starve. When the hive becomes overcrowded or a young queen takes control from an old queen, the bees will swarm. They leave the hive suddenly and go off, following one queen, to begin another hive in a new place. A swarm may contain thousands of bees-a buzzing cloud drifting through the air. Day after day the grizzly loped through the meadows in avid search of insects, berries, and small rodents, stopping once for a real picnic when she found the carcass of an elk. Food seemed to be the only thing on her mind. But as she grew fatter and the air grew colder, she began to search for something else-her winter den. Like other grizzlies, who are the largest land carnivores (meat-eaters) in the world and are part of the bigger family of brown bears, she looks for a fresh new den each year. When she found a place that suited her, on a steep north-facing slope at the base of a large fir tree, she began to dig. Dirt flew as she scooped out a tunnel with her long claws. It was a tight fit as she tunneled under the tree roots that would make a strong roof for her den, but she needed room enough only to squeeze through to her bedroom. In the spring, after four or five months of a deep sleep called hibernation, she would be much thinner. The hollowed-out bedroom was just big enough for her to curl up in, head to tail. During her winter sleep, she would give birth to two tiny cubs, but they wouldn't take up much space. The cubs of a 300-pound grizzly bear are so small that they can both sit on a saucer. For several weeks the grizzly crawled in and out of her den. to arrange her bedding. Some bears use moss and grass, but this one liked the soft branches of a fir tree. "The villagers are hungry, =Rajah," she began. "All I ask for is rice. If Your Majesty pleases, place two grains of rice on the first square of this chessboard. Place four grains on the second square, eight on the next, and so on, doubling each pile of rice till the last square." The villagers shook their heads sadly at =Chandra's choice. The =Rajah was secretly delighted. A few piles of rice would certainly be far cheaper than his precious jewelry. "Honor her request," he boomed to his servants. Two servants brought out a small bowl of rice and carefully placed two grains of rice on the first square of the board. They placed four grains on the second square. Then eight on the third square, =sixteen on the fourth square, =thirty-two on the fifth square, =sixty-four on the sixth square, =128 on the seventh square, and finally =256 grains of rice on the eighth square at the end of the row. &&000 end of this sample &&000 usa schoolbooks [US904HM.TXT] Houghton Mifflin 1991 4th grade N= 6 pages scanned, ocr'ed and edited by dph 26 June 2004 &&111 come back stop working such long hours. Find yourself some hobbies. Otherwise your health will fail again." Walt followed the doctor's orders. During several months of leisurely travel he regained his health, his cheerful disposition, and his zest for living. Soon after he returned from his vacation, Walt learned about a process for color photography. "That's what I've been waiting for," he exclaimed. "We'll scrap =Flowers and =Trees and reshoot the whole thing in color." "We've already finished half of that picture in black and white!" =Roy protested. "=Flowers and =Trees is a natural for color photography," =Walt insisted. "But think how much more color photography will cost!" =Roy exclaimed. "Oh, you'll find some way to raise the money," =Walt replied cheerfully. They quarreled about it, but =Walt would not give in. =Roy finally raised the necessary money, and =Walt rushed into color production of =Flowers and =Trees. However, he took time out to buy a peace pipe and place it on his brother's desk. =Roy hung the pipe on the wall of his office. When =Flowers and =Trees was finished, =Roy admitted that =Walt had been right to gamble on color. The picture won a =MotionPictureAcademy Award as the best cartoon of =1931-1932, and again the =DisneyStudio led all of its competitors. Walt continued to search for perfection. He constantly looked for ways to improve animated cartoons. One day he stopped in to see =WebbSmith in the =Disney story department. =Webb's office wall was covered with a series of sketches that told the story of the picture then in progress. likes everything about me including a few things she doesn't even know about yet. May 3 =Annie Dear Diary, I can't stand =RichieCarr. I totally dislike him. More than bugs, more than itches, more than liver. Bugs don't brag, itches don't brag, liver doesn't brag. But =RichieCarr brags all the time. May 4 =Richic Dear Journal, The way I can tell =Annie likes me is because she pretends so hard that she doesn't. Today I saw her walking to school. So I chased after her, kind of slowly of course. Then I yelled, "=Annie!" She dropped a book. How about that? I ran to pick it up. "Hey, =Annie," I said. "Let me do that." "I can pick up my own book," she said. "There's a special way to pick it up," I said. "Bend your knees and keep your back straight. I know these things. I'm an athlete." "That's not all you are," =Annie said. DID YOU HEAR THAT, JOURNAL? =Annie must have been checking up on me. She must have found out I can play chess, spell microgroove without checking the dictionary, as well as high dive. Annie Alpert likes me so much she can't stand it! In December he heard terrible news. In the city of =Managua in the =CentraAmerican country of =Nicaragua there had been an earthquake. The ground trembled and shook beneath the city. Buildings cracked and fell. Fires broke out. More than =10,000 people were killed. More than =200,000 people lost their homes. Around the world people began sending money and food and medicine and clothing to help the earthquake victims. =Roberto asked the many =PuertoRicans he knew to help out as much as they could. He did more. On December =31 he climbed aboard a plane loaded with suppliess to take them to the people of =Managua. The plane, heavily laden, rose slowly from the =SanJuan airport and headed out to sea. Then, when it was just a mile away, it plunged into the ocean. That night was New Year's Eve, usually a time of gaiety and celebration, but there was no gaiety in =PuertoRico. Thousands of people went to the beach to look for the wreckage of the plane. When it became clear that =Roberto had drowned, =PuertoRicans and many people in the =UnitedStates felt sad. A great player and man was gone. In the =UnitedStates =Roberto was elected to baseball's =HallofFame. This is the greatest honor a baseball player can receive. The =HallofFame building is in =Cooperstown, =NewYork. In it there are pictures of the best players, and things like their bats and caps. A sign was placed on the door of the room =Roberto had lived in during spring training with the =Pirates in =Florida. It read, "I want to be remembered as a ballplayer who gave all he had to give." May 15 =Annie Dear Diary, The high diver book cost me two weeks' allowance. I bought a thank-you card, too. =Fritz almost threw up over the present after I gave him his favorite dinner. I guess his favorite dinner isn't his favorite dinner anymore. May 16 =Richie Dear Journal, I almost left a blank page for today. Blank is better than what happened to me. I got all dressed up to go to =Annie's house to get my present. I wore my shark T-shirt. This was =RichieCarr Day. A present for =RichieCarr. =Annie liking =RichieCarr a lot. And no more chasing after =Annie. =Annie was chasing after =RichieCarr, sort of. Buying me a present. Asking me over. I thought about =Annie and me all the way to her house. How much I wanted her to like me. How hard I tried. Like finding =Fritz for her. Then it hit me. Right in the stomach. On the way to =Annie's house. I didn't find =Fritz. All I did was play a trick on =Annie, that's what I did. I was phony =RichieCarr. Pretending =Duchess was =Fritz. And now I was getting a present for a dirty trick. I wanted to go back home. Maybe =Annie liked =RichieCarr, but I didn't. Even worse, poor little =Duchess liked me. I must be a great phony, fooling a dog. (I read somewhere that it's hard to fool dogs.) Well, my feet kept walking toward =Annie's house. When I got there, my fingers rang the bell. =Annie answered. My feet walked inside. =Duchess ran toward me and jumped all over me. Then he sat down and waited for his pats. Annie was looking at me like I was an A on her report card. Like I was the greatest. She had my present in her hand. Then she held it in front of my eyes. She could hardly wait to give it to me. she ate three and forfeited the contest. She had decided from the start to let me win. All I won was a stomach ache!" =Gramps laughed. "=Alice was always getting the best of me." But =Meg was only half listening. She was still puzzled over something =Gramps had said earlier. Something had to be wrong with the horn clue. "Wait a minute!" =Meg shouted. "=Gramps, if you got this bugle for =Dad when he was a kid, it couldn't be the right horn. It wasn't even around when Alice drummed up this whole mystery." "Guess that's so," =Gramps admitted sheepishly. =Meg looked at the clue again. "Whatever you do, don't blow this horn." Remembering another kind of horn, she raced into the living room. "You wouldn't want to blow this horn, eh, =Skip," =Meg said as she took the old powder horn off the hook. She pulled off the cap. There was no powder inside, but there was something else. =Meg took her tweezers out of her detective kit and slowly pulled out a small, tightly rolled piece of paper. & &&000 USA SCHOOLBOOKS [US904SV.TXT] 4TH GRADE Silver Burdett Ginn 1991 Scanned, ocr'd and edited by dph 25 June 2004 &&111 A week later =Anna started school. She didn't know anyone and found it hard to make friends with the other fifth graders. She was very lonely until one afternoon when she had looked up and saw =NanaMarie's welcoming smile. There was a small moving van outside =Rita's house that day. From a safe distance, half concealed by bushes, =Anna watched it being unloaded. There were only a half dozen pieces of furniture, all a lovely dark wood, highly polished. =Rita stood by, directing the operations. =Anna could see the simple delight on =Rita's face and wondered where this furniture was coming from. As =Anna watched, =Rita's husband got out of his car, walked around it, and opened the door by the front seat. Then there was a long wait. Finally a white head emerged. Haltingly, as though every movement took a great deal of thought, a very old woman rose and holding on to her son's arm, began to walk toward the house. Halfway to the steps, she paused for breath. Then, as if she felt =Anna's eyes on her, the old woman looked up. Their eyes met, and =NanaMarie smiled. The next afternoon when =Anna came home from school, she saw =NanaMarie sitting in a rocking chair on the front porch. Slowly =Anna approached, her school shoes raising little puffs of dust. The moment =NanaMarie saw her she smiled, and the next thing =Anna knew she was sitting cross-legged at =NanaMarie's feet. They began to talk as if they had known each other for years. On and on till supper time they talked, "like old friends reunited," =NanaMarie said. They even found out they had birthdays the same month and only two days apart. Every afternoon after that, when the school bus let =Anna off at the bottom of the hill, she raced up to =Rita's house to keep =NanaMarie company. run in every game. Or in basketball, like averaging =50 points per game. Why has =Pele been such an outstanding player? Speed, of course, is one reason. =Pele can run. And he can change direction and speed quickly. That makes it hard to cover him. Other players can't seem to block him out. But his supreme skill is in ball control. Sometimes it almost seems as if the ball were tied to his foot. Other times he seems to have magical control over it. The ball does exactly what he wants it to do. Most teams try to stop =Pele by putting two or three players to guard him. Of course, when they do that, Pele's teammates are in a good spot to score. So =Pele's value to his team is much greater than just the goals he scores. He sets up as many goals Those were the days of country schools. Ours was the =Bray School. My sister =Louise had taught there before she was married. My sister =Corrine had just finished high school and was ready to take =Louise's place. Corrine was teaching for the first time. I was going to school for the first time. It was a two-mile walk to school. We started off together. Almost always it rained on the first day of school, but this was a sunny September day. I had my new dinner bucket. There was a beef sandwich in it, and a boiled egg and a banana and a piece of cake. But that gave me no joy. I said, "I know I'll get a whipping. " "I'll be the teacher, " =Corrine said. "I'm not going to whip you. " Later we learned to cut across pastures and through woods to make the way shorter. On this day we took the road. Past =OtisKing's, past =JohnKing's and =MagElliott's, over the iron bridge and up the clay hill, past =GeorgeHaynes's, and there was the school lane. On one side of the lane was a pasture. On the other side was a row of hedge trees. An odd kind of fruit grew on them. Hedgeballs, we called them. They looked like big green oranges and were good for nothing except to throw at fence posts or roll down hills. At the end of the lane was the schoolyard, with the schoolhouse in the middle. The schoolhouse was white with a red-brick chimney. It had only one room. The blackboard was up front, along with the teacher's desk and the library. The library was a tall green cupboard with a door. There were rows of seats and desks for the boys and girls. In the back of the room was a big iron stove. =Corrine and I were the first ones there. She wrote that's what it should be instead." =Pippi scratched her head. "This is getting more and more mysterious. But whatever it is, I'm going to find out. Maybe it can be bought in the stores. Come on, let's go and ask!" =Tommy and =Annika had no objection. =Pippi went off to hunt for her purse, which was full of gold coins. "=Spink," she said. "It sounds as if it might be expensive. I'd better take a gold coin along." And she did. As usual Mr =Nilsson jumped up on her shoulder. Then =Pippi lifted the horse down from the veranda. "We're in a hurry," she said to =Tommy and =Annika. "We'll have to ride. Because otherwise there might not be any spink left when we get there. It wouldn't surprise me if the mayor had already bought the last of it." When the horse came galloping through the streets of the little town with =Pippi and =Tommy and =Annika on his back, the children heard the clatter of his hoofs on the cobblestones and came happily running because they all liked =Pippi so much. "=Pippi, where are you going?" they cried. "I'm going to buy spink," said =Pippi and brought the horse to a halt for a moment. The children looked puzzled. "Is it something good?" a little boy asked. "You bet," said =Pippi and licked her lips. "It's wonder ful. At least it sounds as if it were." In front of a candy shop she jumped off the horse, lifted =Tommy and =Annika down, and in they went. "I would like to buy a bag of spink," said =Pippi, "but I want it nice and crunchy." Speaking a secret language is easier than you might think-and it's a lot of fun, too. Children all over the world speak in secret languages. Secret languages keep outsiders from eavesdropping. They also make you feel mysterious. Some words may sound silly to other people, but only you and your friends will know that "chupket" means "ketchup" and that "ot-hay og-day" means "hot dog." Most secret languages aren't complicated-if you know the secret. By adding a special letter to each word, or by moving a syllable or making some other change, you can turn any language into a secret language. There are hundreds of these languages. There even is one which involves whistling. Speaking a secret language isn't hard. All it takes is practice. Just find a friend who wants to learn. Then every day talk to one another in your secret language. Start by translating a word or phrase in a sentence: "Let's go to the =oo-zay!" Then try short sentences. Then try longer ones. In the beginning, you will speak very slowly. You also will not understand everything your partner says. But in a few weeks it will be as easy as =ie-pay.. And nobody will understand what you are saying except your =kufriend. "Who are you?" the mountain asked. "What is your name?" "I am a bird," replied the other. "My name is =Joy, and I come from distant lands, where everything is green. Every spring I fly high into the air, looking for the best place to build my nest and raise my children. As soon as I have rested I must continue my search. " "I have never seen anything like you before, " said the mountain. "Must you go on? Couldn't you just stay here?" =Joy shook her head. "Birds are living things," she explained. "We must have food and water. Nothing grows here for me to eat; there are no streams from which I could drink. " "If you cannot stay here, will you come back again some day?" asked the mountain. =Joy thought for a while. "I fly long distances," she said, "and I have rested on many mountains. No other mountain has ever cared whether I came or went, and I should like to return to you. But I could only do so in the spring before I build my nest, and because you are so far from food and water I could only stay a few hours. " "I have never seen anything like you before," repeated the mountain. "Even if it were only for a few hours, it would make me happy to see you again. " "There is one more thing you should know," said =Joy. "Mountains last forever, but birds do not. Even if I were to visit you every spring of my life, placed a saucer of millet and a dish of water on the table, and the parakeet ate and drank. It saw the dreidel and began to push it with its beak. David exclaimed, "Look, the bird plays dreidel." =David soon began to talk about buying a cage for the bird and also about giving it a name, but Esther and I reminded him that the bird was not ours. We would try to find the owners, who probably missed their pet and were worried about what had happened to it in the icy weather. =David said, "Meanwhile, let's call it =Dreidel." That night =Dreidel slept on a picture frame and woke us in the morning with its singing. The bird stood on the frame, its plumage brilliant in the purple light of the rising sun, shaking as in prayer, whistling, twittering, and talking all at the same time. The parakeet must have belonged to a house where Yiddish was spoken, because we heart it say " and these simple words uttered by the tiny creature filled us with wonder and delight. The next day I posted a notice in the elevators of the neighborhood houses. It said that we had found a Yiddishspeaking parakeet. When a few days passed and no one called, I advertised in the newspaper for which I wrote, but a week went by and no one claimed the bird. Only then did =Dreidel become ours. We bought a large cage with all the fittings and toys that a bird might want, but because Hanukkah is a festival of freedom, we resolved never to lock the cage. =Dreidel was free to fly around the house whenever he pleased. (The man at the pet shop had told us that the bird was a male.) But they knew that in a town there were many houses, and a store full of candy and calico and other wonderful thingspowder, and shot, and salt, and store sugar. They knew that =Pa would trade his furs to the storekeeper for beautiful things from town, and all day they were expecting the presents he would bring them. When the sun sank low above the treetops and no more drops fell from the tips of the icicles they began to watch eagerly for =Pa. ' The sun sank out of sight, the woods grew dark, and he did not come. Ma started supper and set the table, but he did not come. It was time to do the chores, and still he had not come. =Ma said that =Laura might come with her while she milked the cow. =Laura could carry the lantern. So =Laura put on her coat and =Ma buttoned it up. And =Laura put her hands into her red mittens that hung by a red yarn string around her neck, while =Ma lighted the candle in the lantern. =Laura was proud to be helping =Ma with the milking, and she carried the lantern very carefully. Its sides were of tin, with places cut in them for the candlelight to shine through. When =Laura walked behind =Ma on the path to the barn, the little bits of candle-light from the lantern leaped all around her on the snow. The night was not yet quite dark. The woods were dark, but there was a gray light on the snowy path, and in the sky there were a few faint stars. The stars did not look as warm and bright as the little lights that came from the lantern. Why, he was so skinny he could slip through a knothole without tipping his hat. He wore a diamond stickpin in his tie and was swinging a bamboo cane. Our dog, Zip, stood barking at him. "=JoshMcBroom," he said, "I'm here to do some trading." "Trade what?" "My big farm for yours, even. You can keep the dog. "No sir and nohow," I said. His farm was so worn out he had to plant his own weeds. He leaned both hands heavily on his bamboo cane. "Hee-haw!" he snickered. "Reckon I'll get your land, neighbor-one way or t'other. " And off he ambled up the road, hee-hawing through his nose. He'd been visiting almighty often lately. I stomped over the hole his cane had left in the ground. I had to be careful not to let holes get a good start in our rich topsoil, the blamed things grow. Meanwhile the young ones had laid out the rows and began sowing the beans. Well, that was a mistake. I should have known that our soil was too powerful strong for jumping beans. The seeds sprouted faster than the twitch of a sheep's tail and those =Mexican bushes shot up lickety-bang. As they quick-dried in the prairie sun the pods began to shake and rattle and =Chester shouted: "=Pa, look!" Merciful powers! Those buzzing, jumping, wiggle-waggling pods jerked the roots clear out of the ground. And off those bushes went, leaping and hopping every which way. I called out. "After them, my lambs!" People fly through the air. Spaceships land on strange planets. Cartoon characters come alive. These and other imaginary events are all part of the world of special effects. When you read about =MaryPoppins flying through the air, you may have formed pictures in your mind as you read the words. The pictures were in your imagination. Your imagination lets you go anywhere and do anything. Your imagination makes anything possible, even flyingwhile you are sitting at home in your comfortable chair. Moviemakers use techniques called special effects to make it possible for you to see pictures like those in your imagination on a movie screen. Because of special effects, you can see =Mary =Poppins fly across the screen the way you pictured it when you read the story. =GeorgeMelies Invents Special Effects Special effects were invented quite by accident. In =1898, a =French movie maker and former magician, =GeorgeMelies, 1 was filming a street scene in =Paris. As a bus was passing by, his camera suddenly jammed. He stopped the camera and fixed it. Then he went back to filming the same street scene. Of course, the bus had passed by, but a carriage was in the place the bus had been. When =Melies developed the film, much to his surprise he saw the bus had changed into a carriage! From that day, =Melies became known as "the magician of the movies." He invented many other amazing techniques. His =1902 film, =ATriptotheMoon, used many special effects that are still used today. =Alistair had a nightmare," =Toby cried. "Toby was walking in his sleep," yelled =Alistair. "He looked all funny ... he looked all silver and mad." "You must be dreaming," said their mother. "=Toby looks fine to me. Of course, you shouldn't let the moon shine in like that. No wonder you have nightmares." She tucked them both in and closed the curtains. "=Toby," said =Alistair, after they had been lying in the dark for a moment, "I was making you do that." But he sounded uncertain. "The mad puppet!" =Toby replied in his mad puppet voice, and he felt the darkness shiver over by =Alistair's bed. =Toby now knew for certain that =Alistair couldn't make him do anything he didn't want to do. But he had walked with a puppet's legs and spoken with a puppet's voice. He had let a puppet come out of his mind and look through his eyes, mad and terrifying in the moonlight. Inside him, suddenly, a whole crowd of characters, kings, angels, horses, creatures of the night, heroes, and the school concert clown-seethed and crowded, waiting to come alive. But he was their master. "Go to sleep!" he told them, and after a moment they did. &&000 USA SCHOOLBOOKS [US904MC.TXT] MACMILLAN, McGraw-Hill grade 4, n=7 pages 1991 scanned, ocr'd and edited by dph &&111 Oh, come on," =JackieRobinson said. "What harm did the kid do, after all?" "Well, as it happens, I don't have one," the usher replied smugly. "Wait here," I said. "Wait right here, Mr =Robinson. I'll go find one." =JackieRobinson laughed. "Sorry, kid, but I've got work to do. Another time, maybe." "Please, Mr =Robinson," I said. "It's for my friend. My friend =Davy." "Well, let =Davy come and get his own autographs," he said. "Why should you do his dirty work For him?" "He can't come," I said. The words came rushing out of me, tumbling one on top of the other. I had to tell =JackieRobinson all about it, before he went away. "=Davy can't come because he's sick. He had a heart attack." "A heart attack?" =JackieRobinson asked. "A kid had a heart attack?" "He's not a kid," I explained. "He's =sixty years old. He's my best friend. He's a black man, like you. He's always loved the =Dodgers, but lately he's loved them more than ever." Now that I think about it, what I said could have annoyed =JackieRobinson very much. But at the time, it didn't. I guess he could tell how serious I was about what I was saying. "How did this =Davy get to be your best friend?" he asked. =Mother looked alarmed. "What do you mean, =Ramona? Let me see." She took the book and opened it. Every page in the book was covered with enormous purple is and is in =Ramona's very best handwriting. "=Mother!" cried =Beezus. "Look what she's done! And in- crayon so it won't erase." "=RamonaQuimby," said =Mother. "you're a very naughty girl! Why did you do a thing like that?" "It's my book," said =Ramona stubbornly. "I like it." "=Mother, what am I going to do?" =Beezus demanded. "It's checked out on my card and I'm responsible. They won't let me take any more books out of the library, and I won't have anything to read, and it will all be =Ramona's fault. She's always spoiling my fun and it isn't fair!" "I do not spoil your fun," stormed =Ramona. "You have all the fun. I can't read and it isn't fair." =Ramona's words ended in a howl as she buried her face in her mother's skirt. "I couldn't read when I was your age and I didn't have someone to read to me all the time, so it is too fair," argued =Beezus. =Vesta's grandfather because he was so old and quiet, and sometimes his hands shook. When I visited Vesta's house, her grandfather would stare at me. I thought he didn't like me because my hair was red. This is how I felt when I first moved to =Kiawock and met =Vesta's grandfather: I was sad. I missed =NewYorkCity and my friends from my =NewYork school. Vesta was the only one at school who was nice to me. She sat next to me in class and lent me her red pen. One day, she invited me to visit her house after school. That made me feel better. We were drinking tea when =Vesta's grandfather came in. He was carrying a walking stick and wore a brown parka. He walked slowly, looked at me, but didn't speak. My hair started to feel very red. I decided to go home. The next time I saw =Vesta's grandfather, I was in =JohnPetrovitch's store. Mr =Petrovitch has a =Russian name. Maybe he is related to some =Russians who used to live here. I nodded to =Vesta's grandfather when I came in the store, and pulled up my jacket hood to cover my red hair. =Vesta's grandfather looked at me but didn't move. "Hello, =Shawn," Mr =Petrovitch said. "What can I do for you?" Somehow I felt strange in front of =Vesta's grandfather. Mr =Petrovitch and =Vesta's grandfather were looking at me. I pulled on the strings of my jacket hood. "=Shawn?" Mr =Petrovitch said. I knew I had to speak. "Mr =Petrovitch," I said, looking down, "my mother needs some lettuce and powdered milk." "The sun is setting," the runner called as he ran through the camp. "The shaman is returning." The People gathered in a circle and the shaman spoke. "I have heard the words of the =GreatSpirits," he said. "The People have become selfish. For years, they have taken from the Earth without giving anything back. The =GreatSpirits say the People must sacrifice. We must make a burnt offering of the most valued possession among us. The ashes of this offering shall then be scattered to the four points of the Earth, the Home of the Winds. When this sacrifice is made, drought and famine will cease. Life will be restored to the Earth and to the People!" The People sang a song of thanks to the =GreatSpirits for telling them what they must do. "I'm sure it is not my new bow that the =GreatSpirits want," a warrior said. "Or my special blanket," a woman added, as everyone went to their tipis to talk and think over what the Great Spirits had asked. "When is Book Report Day?" =Leo asked. "Next Friday. Did you forget?" =Leo nodded glumly. "I better go to the library this afternoon. Tell the guys I won't be able to play, okay, Will?" After school =Leo headed for the library before going home. He ran the whole way. At the top of the front stairs he leaned against a column and paused to catch his breath. He thought about the assignment. Mrs =Wilson had announced it weeks ago, but he hadn't paid much attention. It had seemed so far away then. Now it was just next week. A book report in costume. Everyone had to come dressed as a character. You had to stand up and tell about your book dressed in a costume. =Leo shuddered. He hated standing up in front of the class. Last year he hadn't minded. He liked being a clown last year. He used to say silly things and he didn't mind if people laughed. That was last year. Winter changed to spring, make up symbols, or signs, for and one) season followed an- different words. Soon he had so other. =Sequoyah's friends sel- many symbols, he could not dom saw him anymore. Some remember which one stood for made jokes. "The Lame One plays which word. If he forgot, how with bark pieces all day." could other people remember? Some of =Sequoyah's friends "There must be a better worried. "The poor man acts way," he said aloud. "I can never like someone in a dream." They make enough signs for every often left fish and meat beside =Cherokee word. Never!" his door. A few days later =Sequoyah The pile of bark grew came across something that higher. There were thousands gave him new ideas. He found a of words in the =Cherokee lan- child's spelling book beside a guage. Each word stood for at road. A teacher, sent by a least one thing or idea. Se- church, had opened a school quoyah faced several hard nearby for =Cherokee children. problems. A picture of a girl They were taught in =English, could stand for =Ah-yoka. But it but this was a foreign language could stand for other little girls to them. as well. "How can I show the "Our tribe would move difference?" =Sequoyah asked ahead much faster if we had himself. books in our own language," Many words could not be =Sequoyah told =Ah-yoka. He took made into pictures. "How can I the speller home and began to show words such as good and study it. He had no idea what bad?" =Sequoyah wondered the names of the letters were or aloud. "What can I use for today what each meant. Day after day or tomorrow?" In time he hit he looked at the black marks upon a new plan. He began to printed in rows. &&000 &&000 USA SCHOOLBOOKS [US904SF.TXT] Publisher: scott foresman 1993 4th grade xeroxed at Elmira College, scanned, OCR'd and edited by dph 1 July 2004 &&111 I decided on The Do; That Pitched a No-Hitter. I dreamed up the theme for the book next. What was my book going to be about? It would be about a bov. =Mike, who is worried that his pitching for his team, the =GrandAvenueGiants. wouldn't succeed against the =PeachStreetMudders. a team with some of the league's best hitters. I wrote up lists of the players on the teams and their positions, and wrote down important scenes. Then I wrote an outline of my book in a few paragraphs. This is a must when you write a book. You must know where your book is going before you write the first word. Then, with my plot outline beside me. I wrote the book, double spaced, on my word processor. Because it's =Mike's story, I wrote it from his viewpoint all the way through. When I was finished writing. I set aside the manuscript for a couple of weeks. Then I went back to it and checked and rechecked the scenes and the spelling. I worked on the manuscript until I felt confident it was the best it could possibly be. Then, and not before then. I put the manuscript in a large envelope and mailed it with a letter to my publisher. I hope you like it =BlackMountain College in =NorthCarolina. All that success put pressure on =Lawrence. Realizing that he needed help. =Lawrence entered a mental hospital. During his eight months of treatment. =Lawrence produced a series of paintings showing what it was like to he mentally ill in a hospital ward. =Lawrence learned much about himself during this time. He was again ready to move forward as a painter. In the years since. =Lawrence has led an interesting life. He has taught in art schools and universities. and his work has received many honors. He has traveled as far as =Nigeria. In =1971 =Lawrence moved with his wife to the =Northwest so he could accept a teaching position at the University of =Washington. They have lived in Seattle ever since. During these years of travel and teaching, =JacobLawrence has been painting steadily. producing easel paintings. posters. iurals. and illustrations for books. Most of his subject; spring from the American scene. Because he finds libraries so helpful w hen he does research. =Law rence has painted pictures set in libraries. Because he admires builders and their tools, he has painted many pictures of workers. Our society has changed since =Lawrence was a child. Now- people of all colors. men and women. work side by side. =Lawrence's paintings show them that way . When he w as young. =JacobLawrence stood in fi-ont of the paintings on the walls of the =MetropolitanMuseum and dreamed of becoming an artist. Today, he is one of the most famous artists in the country. His own paintings hang in many museums-including the =Metropolitan. =Tilly pushed his wheelchair straight up to the big three-wheel cycle while =Papa went to get a salesman. There was no price tag on the cycle, and he was afraid to hope. His heart beat faster and he felt breathless for the second time that day. He was so close, this was the cycle he wanted. Would it cost too much? He was thrilled and happy and afraid too. Maybe =Mama was right and he was being foolish. Just then =Jerome saw =Tilly's foot. He turned his wheelchair quickly and ran over it. lie didn't mean to exactly, but he was anxious and getting angry. =Papa hadn't come back yet. Tilly yelled out and looked at him sharply. Why was her brother so mean? Here she was backing him up and he was mean to her again. Why did she ever bother with Jerome? The hurt brought tears to her eyes, but =Jerome didn't say he was sorry. =Papa came back and lifted his son onto :he seat of the big red cycle. It must be all right; he'll buy it for me. =Jerome thought. He gripped the handles and noticed red and white streamers on the plastic handle grips-how they would fly in the wind as he rode! But he felt shaky, up so high on the seat, and as he held on and looked around, =Papa noticed. "Never you mind, son, I'll build up the pedals and make the seat broader," =Papa told him. Then to the salesman he said, "We'll take this 'un." =Papa paid at the cash register, and soon =Jerome was riding home with his dream cycle tied dowry.-in the trunk of the car. =Amy has a big waterbed in her room. Since she is thin and can't roll over by herself, it would hurt to lie on a regular bed all night. But with her waterbed, she feels like she's floating at the pool, and she doesn't get tired of lying in the same place. A heater in the bed keeps her warm and cozy all the time. My friends and I like to bounce =Amy on her bed. We get it rolling like big waves, and she slides back and forth and rolls from side to side. Sometimes she laughs so hard she can hardly get her breath, and we have to stop for a minute. Then we do it again! If =Amy starts crying, I hold her and talk or read to her, and she stops. Sometimes when I babysit =Amy, I play with her. If I cough, sneeze, snore, clap, slam drawers, or move my head up and down, Amy laughs. We don't know why she laughs at these weird things, but she does. She waited a few minutes for her sister to tattle on her. Then, when =Beezus did not say anything, she announced, "I was bad this afternoon." She sounded pleased with herself. "Were you?" remarked =Mother calmly. "=Beezus, I think applesauce would be good for dessert tonight. Will you run down and bring up some apples?" When =Ramona looked disappointed at having failed to arouse any interest, =Beezus and her mother exchanged smiles. "I want to help," said =Ramona, rather than be left out. =Beezus and =Ramona made four trips to the basement to bring up all the bitten apples. =Mother said nothing about their appearance, but spent the rest of the afternoon peeling and cooking apples. After she had finished, she filled her two largest mixing bowls, a casserole, and the bowl of her electric mixer with applesauce. It took her quite a while to rearrange the contents of the refrigerator to make room for all the applesauce. When =Beezus saw her father coming home she ran out on the front walk to tell him what had happened. He too, agreed that Aunt =Beatrice's suggestion was a good one. "Daddy'" shrieked Ramona when her father came in. "How's my girl?" asked =Father as he picked Ramona up and kissed her. "Oh, I was bad today," said =Ramona. "Were you?" said =Father as he put her down. "Was there any mail today?" "You drive a tractor and plow on the mountain?" =Tia =Carmen smiled with her eyes. "We don't need tractors and plows on our finca." "I don't understand." "=Vente. You will." Adan and his parents, Aunt =Carmen, and Uncle =Ulise hiked up the mountain beside a splashy stream. Near the top they walked through groves of fruit trees. "Long ago your grandfather planted these trees," =Adam's mother said. "Now Aunt =Carmen and Uncle =Ulise pick what they need for themselves or want to give away or sell in =Ponce." "Let's work!" said Aunt =Carmen. Sitting on his father's shoulders, =Adam picked oranges. Swinging a hooked stick, he pulled down mangos. Whipping a bamboo pole with a knife tied to the end, he chopped mapenes from a tall tree. Digging with a machete, he uncovered names. Finally, gripping a very long pole, he struck down coconuts. "How do we get all the food down the mountain?" he asked. "Watch," said Aunt =Carmen. She whistled loudly. any of the =Fencys' things. What had happened to the trunk? She entered the smoke-filled soddy and kicked away the burned grass and the remains of the =Fences' table and bed. She found the trap door to the root cellar. It was so charred that when she kicked hard, it fell apart. "=Anna' Mr -Fence'" =Addie called as she stuck her head down into the root cellar. With help from =Pa. Mr =Fency lifted the big trunk out of the root cellar and carried it into the yard. Anna opened it and stared in disbelief. Everything inside was safe. "And the provisions we stored in the cellar aren't touched either." Mr =Fency said, his face beaming. "You still have =RubyLillian too." =Addie said. She reached in her pocket and carefully placed =RubyLillian in =Anna's hand. Again, =Anna's eyes filled with tears as she turned the doll over and over in her hands. "Thanks to you, =Addie, I have much, much more. I have you and =Burt." She put her arms around =Addie. "If we'd all been here when that fire came; we never would have all fit in that well, that's for certain. Who knows if any of us would have survived? You keep Ruby Lillian for me, will you? You saved her life too." =Laura looked down at =Pa's patched boots under the table and her throat swelled and ached. Pa could not have new boots now. =Pa's hands came down from his face and he picked up his knife and fork. His beard smiled, but his eyes would not twinkle. They were dull and dim. "Don't worry, =Caroline," he said. "We did all we could. and we'll pull through somehow." Then =Laura remembered that the new house was not paid for. =Pa had said he would pay for it when he harvested the wheat. It was a quiet meal, and when it was over =Pa lay down on the floor and went to sleep. =Ma slipped a pillow under his head and laid her finger on her lips to tell =Laura and =Mary to be still. They took =Carrie into the bedroom and kept her quiet with their paper dolls. The only sound was the sound of the grasshoppers' eating. Day after day the grasshoppers kept on eating. They ate all the wheat and the oats. They ate every green thing-all the garden and all the prairie grass. "Oh, =Pa. what will the rabbits do?" =Laura asked. "And the poor birds?" "Look around you. =Laura. =Pa said. The rabbits had all gone away. The little birds of the grass tops were gone. The birds that were left were eating grasshoppers. And prairie hens ran with outstretched necks. gobbling grasshoppers. When Sunday came, =Pa and =Laura and =Mary walked to Sunday school. The sun shone so But an old wolf lived nearby and saw the good mother leave. At dusk, disguised as an;old woman, he came up to the house of the children and knocked on the door twice: bang, bang. =Shang, who was the eldest, said through the latched door, "Who is it?" "My little jewels," said the wolf, "this is your grandmother, your =PoPo." =PoPo!" =Shane, said. "Our mother has gone to visit you!" The wolf acted surprised. "To visit me, I have not met her along the way. She must have taken a different route." "=PoPo!" =Shang said. "How is it that you come so late The wolf answered, "The journey is long, my children, and the day is short." =Shang listened through the door. "=PoPo," she said, "why is your voice so low?" "Your grandmother has caught a cold, good children, and it is dark and windy out here. Quickly open up, and let your =PoPo come in," the cunning wolf said. =Tao and =Paotze could not wait. One unlatched the door and the other opened it. They shouted, =PoPo, =PoPo, come in!" At the moment he entered the door, the wolf blew out the candle. =PoPo," =Shang asked, "why did you blow out the candle' The room is now dark." The wolf did not answer. self-control not to fight back when opposing players tried to intimidate or hurt him. If this man disgraced himself on the held, =Rickey knew, his opponents would use it as an excuse to keep blacks out of Major League baseball for many more years. =Rickey thought =JackieRobinson might he just the man. =Jackie rode the train to =Brooklyn to meet Mr =Rickey. When Mr =Rickev told him, "I want a man with the courage not to fight back," =JackieRobinson replied, "If you take this gamble, I will do my best to perform." They shook hands. =BranchRickey and =JackieRobinson were starting on what would be known in history as "the great experiment." At spring training with the =Dodgers, =Jackie was mobbed by =AfricanAmericans, young and old, as if he were a savior. He was the first black player to try out for a Major League team. If he succeeded, they knew, others would follow. Initially, life with the =Dodgers was for =Jackie a series of humiliations. The players on his team who came from the =South, men who had been taught to avoid =AfricanAmericans since childhood, moved to another table whenever he sat down next to them. Many opposing players were cruel to him, calling him nasty names from their dugouts. A few tried to hurt him with their spiked shoes. Pitchers aimed at his head. And he received threats on his life, both from individuals and from organizations like the =KuKluxKlan. that he just wanted to camp in the building for a few days, and would try to be as little trouble as possible. The snake said it had been a long time since he'd had anyone to talk to, or had heard any news, and that Mr =Powder was welcome to stay around as long as he liked. So Mr =Powder dragged a chair out onto the porch and read the snake the more interesting bits from a newspaper he happened to have in his pocket. Between items the snake told Mr =Yowder about his sleeping place under the building, and of the small happenings in the town. It was sundown almost before they knew it, and Mr =Yowder asked the snake to stay and have a bite of supper with him. The snake thanked him, but said he had a broken fang that made his mouth so sore he couldn't eat. However, he would take a small saucer of cold coffee and condensed milk, if it wasn't too much trouble. But Mr =Yowder had done considerable simple dentistry and, after asking the snake to open wide, he quickly smoothed and rounded the jagged end of the broken fang with the little file he carried in his pocket for sharpening fishhooks. When he'd finished, the snake ran his tongue over the place and said it felt as good as new, and maybe he would have a little supper after all. The weather staved fine, and Mr =Yowder went fishing every morning, but in the afternoons he and the snake talked or took naps on the sunny porch. One day when the wind was blowing scraps of paper =Roxaboxen had a cemetery, in case anyone died, but the only gave in it was for a dead lizard. Each year when the cactus bloomed, they decorated the grave with flowers. Sometimes in the winter, when everybody was at school and the weather was bad, no one went to =Roxaboxen at all, not for weeks and weeks. But it didn't matter; =Roxaboxen was always waiting. =Roxaboxen was always there. And spring came, and the =ocotillo blossomed, and even-bodiy sucked the honey from its flowers, and everybody built new rooms, and everybody decided to have jeweled windows. That summer there were three new houses on the east slope and two new shops on =Main Street. &&000