&&000 AMERICAN BOOK CO.  (1970)  6TH GRADE       AMR9706T.ASC
IDEAS, IAMGES AND I series
I FIND, FOLLOW AND FINISH by John M. Franco
Source: Hobart WS  xerox scan edit by DPH February 13, 1993

&&111

=Wilson was out of breath. Sweat poured from
his face. He looked scared.  =Tommy felt a sudden
chill run through him. He had a strange feeling
about all of this. 

=Zimsy and =Sammy came running up. Then, 
keeping to the shadows, they took off down the
street. The lights of a big, black car blinked once.
The man was behind the wheel. A black hat was
pulled low over his forehead.

 In the back with them, quick!  he said.
The boys followed his orders. Soon, =Bernardo
and the others came with their bags.
The man put some bills in =Wilson's hand.  Now
beat it!  he said.
Then, the police moved in!
Someone grabbed =Tommy from behind. He twisted free, 
falling to the street. As he scrambled
to his feet, his glasses slipped off. There was no
time to go back. He raced away, his heart  
pounding in his throat.
He ran until his legs gave out. The =Lunch =Bar
was just ahead. The basement entrance was open
and dark. He ducked down the stairs. His lungs
were on fire. A sharp pain cut under his ribs.
He crouched in the darkness, afraid to move a
muscle. He wanted to kick himself for being so
stupid. But it was too late for that now.
Then he heard footsteps. Someone was coming
this way. The footsteps stopped at the =Lunch =Bar.
=Tommy held his breath.




After =Mass, the family sat down together at the
noon meal and quietly broke the =Lenten fast by
sharing a loaf of unleavened bread. Then the
wonderful feast began, cold pork and kielbasa,
tall golden bread with designs of crosses and the
crown of thorns on top, cottage cheese,  
horseradish, ham, custard, and many more good things.
The meal was wonderful, as it always was.
Only this time something was missing. Everyone
at the table laughed and talked, but it wasn't like
it used to be, not without =Tanya.
All of a sudden, =Helen started crying. She
couldn't help it. She tried to hide her tears, but
they just wouldn't stop. Everyone stopped talking
and looked at her. But no one said anything.
Everyone was quiet.
Suddenly, =Helen had an idea. Her eyes went to
the bowl of pysanky. She was quite proud of
them. They would make a fine gift for =Tanya.
That evening when the family went to church,
=Helen took her bowl of pysanky to the hospital. A
nurse at the desk stopped her.  There are no
visiting hours tonight,  she said.
 But  I just want to leave these,  =Helen replied,
showing her the eggs.
The nurse's eyes opened wide.  How pretty,  she
said. She picked one up and held it in her hand.
Her fingers ran lightly over the designs. She looked
down at =Helen.  They're so lovely. They seem like
more than just eggs. 



 =Nothing,  she said finally. Then she ran into
the building. =Luis could hear her feet pounding up
the stairs.
=Luis felt like his legs were made of rubber. His
head began to spin. He could hear people around 
him whispering in frightened voices.
=Papa called to him from the third-floor window.
=Mama was calling, too, and waving for him to
come up. They sounded old and frightened. He had
never heard them sound like that before.
The squad car was pulling out.
Wait!  =Luis shouted, running over to the car.
 Wait,  I have something to tell you



Then, on =December =21, the big news came. The
=Supreme =Court had ruled against the bus  
company. There would be no more segregation on
the buses of =Montgomery, or of any other city in
the =United =States.
The next morning Dr =King and a friend of his,
a =White man, got on a bus together. Dr =King
dropped his money into the slot. Then he and his
friend sat together at the front of the bus.



=Bill smiled again, that big winning smile of his.
 Well,  I just thought  I'd give it a try,  he said.
 If  I'm not good enough, that's okay with me. 
=Joey watched Mr =Jackson. He knew the drama
teacher was thinking very hard. Finally, Mr
=Jackson spoke.  Joey, you're a very fine actor. But  I
think =Bill would be better in the part of the lawyer.
He looks the part. And you'd be perfect as the
client. 
=Joey hoped nobody could see how disappointed
he was. The part of the client was rather small.
 Why can't =Bill be happy being a sports hero?  he
asked himself.  Why does he have to take away
my big chance to shine?
You could be a big help to =Bill,  Mr =Jackson
went on.  You have the experience. You can help
him get ready for his part. And you can be ready to
step into his part if he gets sick or if he's not able
to play the part for some other reason. 
 In the weeks that followed, =Joey had to admit
that =Bill worked hard. He cheerfully accepted
all of Mr =Jackson's suggestions in school. And at
home, he asked =Joey for his help.
 You've been a big help, =Joey,  he said.  I never
could have learned this part without you. 
At last the big night arrived. =Joey looked at the
audience through a little hole in the curtain. He'd
looked at the empty seats many times during
rehearsals, but it was exciting to see them all
filled with people.



But  I wasn't really mad at him. He came over
and gave me a kind of a hug and told me how
bad he felt because he couldn't get me a present.
Some day, kid,  he said,  some day when  I'm
an engineer,  I'll buy you the best present you ever
had.  I promise.
Sure, =Hal,   I nodded.  I understand how to
tough it's been for you, studying nights and up
working days so you can stay in school. 
=Hal patted me on the shoulder and smiled.
 But, =Hal,   I asked, as he turned to walk away,
 is it really worth it? I mean, becoming an
engineer? 
  It's worth it,  he answered.  Everything  I'm
learning about engineering makes me more and
more sure of it. 
 I guess  I had a funny look on my face. You
know, like  I didn't believe a word he was saying.
 Look, kid,  he said,  becoming an engineer is
something very special to me. I look at a bridge
and  I think to myself, some day  I'm going to build
a bridge like that. And  I feel good inside. Can you
understand that, kid? Can you understand what it
means to dream about a bridge and see it in your
mind? Then one day, there it is, big and beautiful
and real. Your bridge ! And you know it'll be  
standing there, long after you're dead and gone. 
For a minute,  I found myself caught up in =Hal's
dream. I saw his bridge in my mind, towering high
over a wide river.



The next day, the family moved to a small,
crowded apartment. There was hardly enough
room for all of them to turn around in. And there
was no room here for a piano.
Eddie tried to help his mother the best way he
could, until at last, she shooed him out of the
apartment.
  I know you're trying to help,  she said with a
little smile,  but you're under my feet every time
 I turn around. Why don't you go outside and see if
you can find some boys your own age to play with. 
=Eddie was glad to leave the tiny apartment. But
when he got outside, he didn't look around for any
other boys. Instead, he made his way back to the
old neighborhood.
When he reached his old block, he stopped
across the street from the building where he had
lived all his life. He tried to look through the front
window to see if anyone was playing his piano.
 Well, it was my piano,  he thought,  even if it
isn't mine any more. 
But the thought of someone else playing his
piano was too much. =Eddie jammed his hands into
his pockets, turned, and walked away.
For the next few weeks, =Eddie tried hard to
forget all that had happened. He tried to forget the
old neighborhood, the old apartment, and the old,
beat-up piano. But he couldn't.   Even in school, =Eddie couldn't
forget. Time and again, his mind slipped back to the piano. 



No, to dinner. I wouldn't want Mr =Samson to
think we didn't think enough of him to dress for
dinner. And, oh, by the way, =Jimmy, would you
mind very much if we had lamb for dinner? I
know you don't like it, but Mr =Samson . 
Well, that did it ! I mean, moving all the fumiture,
and putting up candles, and wearing the kind of
clothes.  I only wear to church was bad enough.
But lamb! Man! If there's anything  I hate worse
than vegetables, it's lamb!
 Now look here, =Ma,   I shouted,  what's going
on? You fixing to marry this guy or something? 
And then  I knew, just by the look on her face, 
 I knew. She was thinking of marrying this guy.
After all those years of telling people we were a
team and got along just fine by ourselves, she was
fixing to marry this guy.
Well,  I didn't say any more about it. But  I tell
you,  I was planning to do some fixing myself on
=Sunday. I'd fix =Henry =Samson, once and for all!

So when =Sunday came,  I helped =Ma get that
awful lamb in the oven, and get the table set and
all. And then, we went off to church. When we got
back home,  I went right to my room.
 I'll call you when Mr =Samson comes,  =Ma
said to me. I think she was glad to have me out
from under her feet.
Well, right on the dot, Mr =Samson arrived.
 =Jimmy dear,  =Ma called in a funny voice.
 Come on out, will you? Our guest has arrived. 



You're in top condition. Stay away from him
and your strength will come back fast. Then do
what you know best. Give him the fast fists. 
=Bobby had barely caught his breath when the
bell rang. =Poplovitch moved across the ring
t quickly. =Bobby jabbed and danced away. The  
=Russian was anxious to end it. He threw a wild right
but =Bobby wasn't there. 
=Harris is backpedaling,  =Martin said,  keeping
out of range. =Poplovitch keeps stalking his prey. 
=Bobby could feel his jabs becoming stronger.
=Pappy was right, conditioning was paying off.
But his legs were still a bit rubbery. =Poplovitch
rushed in again and tried to pin =Bobby against
the ropes, but =Bobby kept him off with a jab.
The crowd was becoming impatient. They
wanted action. A few scattered boos went up,
but that didn't bother =Bobby. He was going to
stick to the fight plan. =Pappy knew best.
 A very uneventful round,  said =Martin.  So far,
the =Russian is doing all the punching. =Harris is
doing too much backpedaling to be effective. 
 =Good boy!  yelled =Pappy.  Stick and run. 
=Bobby felt the snap return to his punches. He
was getting stronger, but he didn't let =Poplovitch
know that. He waited for the right moment.
=Poplovitch was overconfident now and getting
careless. He was trying hard for the knockout
punch. He threw a big right again and missed,
leaving himself wide open.



 Yes?  I never had a =White kid in the house before. 
=Mike nearly choked on his milk. He looked up at
=Jerry and =Jerry looked at him. Then they both
started laughing. And as they laughed, their
friendship became stronger. 

Suddenly, the door opened and =Jerry's mother
walked in. She was a small, tired-looking woman.
=Mike's presence startled her.  Who's that?  she
said in a sharp tone. Her words cut through =Mike.
He was sorry he had come.
 This is =Mike,  =Jerry said. His mother looked at
=Mike. Then she went into the front room without
saying another word.
  I think  I better get going, =Mike said. 
  I'll walk you down. 
As they were leaving the apartment, =Jerry's
mother called to him.  I'll meet you downstairs, 
=Jerry said to =Mike.  Wait for me. 
=Mike sat on the front steps and watched the
sanitation truck crawl slowly down the street.
When =Jerry came down, he had a funny grin
on his face. =Mike guessed that =Jerry's mother had
given him a hard time.
 I'll walk you home,  =Jerry said.
 Great! 
They walked along silently, their sneakers
making funny little squeaks on the sidewalk.
 My =Ma's always tired when she comes home from work. 
&&000 HARPER & ROW  (1972)  6TH GRADE           HAR9726T.ASC
SPANNING THE SEVEN SEAS  by Eldonna L. Evertts et al
Source: Elmira College xerox scan edit by DPH February 7, 1993

&&111



head then you hear the =k'chunk!, it had took all that
time to come over the water. So we would put in the
day, lazying around, listening to the stillness. Once
there was a thick fog, and the rafts and things that
went by was beating tin pans so the steamboats
wouldn't run over them. A scow or a raft went by
so close we could hear them talking and cussing and
laughing, heard them plain; but we couldn't see no
sign of them; it made you feel crawly; it was like
spirits carrying on that way in the air. =Jim said he
believed it was spirits; but I says:
 No; spirits wouldn't say, =Dern the =dern fog.  
Soon as it was night out we shoved; when we got
her out to about the middle we let her alone, and let
her float wherever the current wanted her to; then
we lit the pipes, and dangled our legs in the water,
and talked about all kinds of things, we was always
naked, day and night, whenever the mosquitoes
would let us, the new clothes =Buck's folks made for
me was too good to be comfortable, and besides I
didn't go much on clothes, =nohow.
Sometimes we'd have that whole river all to  
ourselves for the longest time. Yonder was the banks
and the islands, across the water; and maybe a
spark, which was a candle in a cabin window; and
sometimes on the water you could see a spark or
two, on a raft or a scow, you know; and maybe you
could hear a fiddle or a song coming over from one of
them crafts. It's lovely to live on a raft. 



ABOVE the mines wherein men quarry ore,
Tunnelling lamplit darkness, fathoms deep,
In airplanes, nickel-bright,
The pilots zoom and soar
And scour the crystal zenith in swift flight;

And little =reck they, as they circle still
In streamlined craft of light resilient steel,
From what dark depth was mined
Their potency, or whose skill
Smelted the ore and tempered and refined

In furnaces the metal of their flight
To bear the stress and tension of high speed,
Forgetting, as they fly,
The quarriers of the night
Who share with them the conquest of the sky.



Today the same shrill whistle of a steam  
locomotive splits the air to signal passengers on the
=Durango-Silverton run that it's time for all to
board. Every day from =June through =September the
mighty little engine puffs out of the station. The
coaches are filled with tourists and rail fans taking
this spectacular ride alongside the =Animas =River in
southwestern =Colorado.
This is the last of the narrow-gauge trains to
carry passengers in the =United =States. 



 It was the horses did it, sir,  =Dick assured him,
but =Horner smiled and shook his head.
 But it's a real journey we will have, out to the
=Ohio, you two boys and the pack string and I. The
gray leader, =Jason, is light enough for such a trip,
and I think we'll persuade =Garwick, by the offer
of good hire, to let that flea-bitten old mare go
with us too, since the boy's heart seems to cling to
her. I will begin to get some other horses together
tomorrow, for we must go as soon as we can. There
is more business for me, I find, than I can really
care for. And I hear, too, that it's been a good year
for furs and that there is plenty for us to bring
back from the edge of the wilderness. And now we
must go in; for I know you are nearly starved.
And it is something for us to sleep on tonight, the
thought that, though we were foolish enough to
make the agreement, at least we weren't beaten by
=Tom =Garwick at the gate of the =Swan =Tavern. 



For some time they pushed on, and then suddenly
=Ondine saw flashes of lightning far ahead.
 Looks like a storm up ahead,  said the thrush.
 I think we should look for some shelter soon. 
They were flying over broad, flat plains, and even
with the lightning's flashes they could see no point
of cover.
Soon the wind began to pick up, and =Ondine could
feel an occasional drop of rain. It felt cool and
good after the lifeless hot air they had been in.
Suddenly the air began to rush at them, and
they heard a roaring noise coming closer and closer.
The thrush yelled quickly,  Get to ground quick!
It's a twister! 
Before =Ondine could ask what a twister might be,
she felt herself taken up by the wind, as if in a
giant hand, and hurled skyward.
 Mr =Thrush! Mr =Thrush!  she shouted, trying
to look around, but she neither saw him nor heard
him. The roar of the wind drowned out everything,
and the darkness was intense. She tried to fly,
but was sent tumbling over and over in the sky,
not sure of which was up or down. Little hailstones
pelted her body, and one hitting her hard on the
beak, nearly knocked her out. She struggled to keep
some kind of balance, but the wind was too strong
for her to fly for more than a few seconds. She
kept calling out for the thrush, but the wind tore
the words from her bill, she could not even hear
herself.


and is unaccented, the speaker does not sound the
r at all and produces a more open sound on the
final syllable  =biggah and =bettah .
Midland sounds the r when and where it is
written  bigger and better .
Grammar. Differences in grammar also have
distinct regional patterns.
You all is typical of =Southern and is found in
some =Midland. As it is used, you all is the plural
of you. When a person speaks directly to another
person he says you  Are you going? . When he
speaks directly to a group of people he says you all
Are you all going? .
In the sentence  He          off the diving
board,  a person who speaks =Northern would
probably say dove. Someone speaking either of the
other dialects would be more likely to say dived.

A Look at Tomorrow

The list of regional differences in vocabulary,
pronunciation, and grammar could grow quite long.
Yet many elements of dialect are beginning to
disappear from =American speech.
Today people are moving from one part of the
country to another much more frequently than
they did in the past. Travel for pleasure is also
more common. As people mingle with others, their
speech patterns tend to blend.



 Do you remember the place where you handed
over the money?  the judge asked the plaintiff.
 Of course I do. It was under a tall oak. I
remember it very well. I can point it out with
no trouble at all. 
 So you do have a witness, after all,  said the
judge.  Here, take my signet ring, go to the tall
tree under which you stood when you handed
over the money, set the seal of my signet ring
against the trunk, and bid the tree appear before
me to bear out the truth of your story. 
The plaintiff took the signet ring and went off
to carry out the demand of the judge. The
defendant remained behind and waited for his
return.
After some time had passed, the judge turned
to the defendant and asked,  Do you think he has
reached the oak by this time? 
 No, not yet,  was the answer.
After further time had passed, the judge again
turned to the defendant and asked,  =Do you think
he has reached the tree by this time? 
 Yes,  was the answer,  by now he must have
reached it. 
Not long after that the plaintiff returned.
 Well?  asked the judge.
 I did just as you said,  replied the plaintiff.
 I walked as far as the forest and then I went on
until I came to the tall oak under which we stood



island did not attract land birds because there was
no shade and little food. But as the island turned
green, they too stopped, and some stayed.
Golden orioles, little black and crimson  
flowerpeckers, and thrushes ate insects or the grains of
grasses, or sucked the juice of flowers.
Both the birds that only visited and the ones
that stayed helped to bring more plants to the
island. A flock of sea birds, petrels, stayed on the
island for only a little while. But they had just left
their nesting grounds on another island. On their
feathers and bills, and tucked away in cracks
between their claws, were seeds from the thick
matting of plants where they had nested. These
new seeds sprouted and grew on the island.



pitchers in the =National =League could not subdue
the =American =League stars he had handled with
such ease, and the =American =League went on to win
the game, =9'7.
=Carl =Hubbell was an outstanding pitcher for  
sixteen years, appearing in five =All-Star games and
three =World =Series. Near the end of his career, he
was asked what he considered to have been his
greatest pitching performance. With characteristic
modesty, he did not name his sensational five  
strikeouts, but said:  I got my biggest pitching thrill out
of winning games which meant something to the
club, games when we were fighting for the pennant
and they were games we just had to win. That
meant something, regardless of the score or the
number of strikeouts I got. Those were the games
I took most pride in winning. 



=Tommy grunted. Hadn't he been sailing an  
iceboat since he was ten, four years ago? He knew
about going before the wind. The sails began  
humming and they flew faster and faster toward the
crack.
 Be careful,  =Derry said again, and =Tommy
tightened his grip just in time. If he had been any
more off his guard the crack would have jerked the
rudder out of his hand, and the little boat would
have been spun round and round in the dangerous
whirl yachtsmen call a  flicker. 
=Tommy said nothing until they came to =Pine
=Island. He divided his time between watching the
vibrating sheet and =Derry as she tended it.
He almost hated to admit it, but she knew very
well what she was doing.
Lunch in the lee of the island was warm and
balmy. Tommy peeled off his windbreaker and
wondered how much of the ice would melt by
afternoon. The wind was brisker than ever, but the
sun on the thin patches of ice might cause trouble.
 Have another piece of steak, =Fatty?  =Joe
=Rodgers called, and =Tommy scrambled up to get
his third thick roll filled with juicy meat.
 How about you, =Derry?  =Joe asked.
=Derry said  No, thanks,  but =Joe persisted.
 You'd better,  he said.  You're going to need to
be as broad as you're long today. It'll take plenty
of weight to beat us this afternoon. 
&&000  HARPER & ROW  (1973)    6TH GRADE           HAR9736T.ASC
FROM LIONS TO LEGENDS by Daisy M. Jones et al
Level 18  Design for Reading series

&&111



the bed of the wheelbarrow. Some hand trucks used
for moving heavy appliances have the fulcrum at the
wheels and the load on the frame of the hand truck.
The effort is applied at the handles. The third
picture shows how a pole may be used as a  
secondclass lever. The effort is applied at one end of the
pole and the fulcrum is at the other end.
Third-class levers have the effort between the
fulcrum and the load. For example a shovel has the
fulcrum at one end of the handle and the load at the
scoop, while the effort is supplied by your hand in
the middle of the handle. A broom and your arm
are also examples of a third-class lever.



Things turned out as his neighbor had hinted.
Madame =Villeneuve saw the big black dog running
behind her house. =Henri =Dupuis saw him running
around the corner of the store. =Delphine =Langlois
even saw him running through the graveyard among
the tombstones. And always as he ran along, he
lifted one paw this way and another paw that way.
There came that day when =Jean =Labadie left his
neighbor chopping wood all by himself, because they
were no longer friends, and drove into the village to
have his black mare shod. While he was sitting in
front of the blacksmith shop, =Andre =Drouillard came
galloping up at a great speed. He could scarcely hold
the reins, for one hand was cut and bleeding.




method uses varves, the annual layers of silt deposited
by melting glaciers. Individual layers vary in a
uniform way, and scientists have worked out a scale
that goes back =12'000 years.
Probably the most useful system of absolute dating
is based on radiocarbon. Living organisms absorb
radiocarbon from the atmosphere. After they die, the
carbon disintegrates at a known rate. By measuring
the amount remaining in material like charcoal or
bone, archaeologists can determine how long ago the
plant or animal died.

Interpreting Materials

Once the archaeologist has gathered his materials
and estimated their age, he tries to determine what
they show about the people who made them.  
Suppose an archaeologist is studying the remains of a
stone temple. He can easily see what materials and
architectural principles the people used. If the
temple is large, it can be assumed that the  
community was, too. Carefully quarried stone arranged
in a planned form indicates that the people had some
knowledge of mathematics. Carvings or paintings
show that the people had a sense of beauty and that
the community included a group of craftsmen.
Probably the basic requirement for an archaeologist
is a sense of form and style, which helps an  
archaeologist distinguish the products of different periods
and cultures. Archaeology also requires the ability
to concentrate on details. The archaeologist shouldn't
become lost in small items, but an apparently trivial
item may provide the answer to a major puzzle.



With a name like that, you will picture =Sven at
once as a six-foot-six =Nordic giant, built like a bull
and with a voice to match. Had this been so, his
chances of getting a job in space would have been
very slim; actually he was a wiry little fellow, like
most of the early spacers, and managed to qualify
easily for the =150-pound bonus that kept so many of
us on a reducing diet.
=Sven was one of our best construction men, and
excelled at the tricky and specialized work of  
collecting assorted girders as they floated around in
free fall, making them do the slow-motion,  
threedimensional ballet that would get them into their
right positions, and fusing the pieces together when
they were precisely dovetailed into the intended
pattern. I never tired of watching him and his gang
as the station grew under their hands like a giant
jigsaw puzzle; it was a skilled and difficult job, for
a space suit is not the most convenient of garbs in
which to work. However, =Sven's team had one great
advantage over the construction gangs you see  
putting up skyscrapers down on =Earth. They could
step back and admire their handiwork without being
abruptly parted from it by gravity .   
Don't ask me why =Sven wanted a pet, or why he
chose the one he did. I'm not a psychologist, but
I must admit that his selection was very sensible.
=Claribel weighed practically nothing, her food  
requirements were infinitesimal, and she was not
worried, as most animals would have been, by the
absence of gravity.



Skimming. What will you be reading about next? How
did the last paragraph on page =36 serve as an  
introduction to the next chapter? Even with that type of
introduction,
you should skim over the new material ahead to gain a
more comprehensive idea of what you will be reading.
Previewing will also help you spot words that you might
want to jot down for quick reference notes. While you
are skimming, think of definite purposes for reading.
The three simple machines you have studied so
far all work in somewhat the same way. Now you are
going to read about three other simple machines.
They may not seem like machines. But if you look at
them the way a scientist looks at them, you will see that
they can be classified as machines. For one thing,
these new machines, just like others, make work
easier to do.



The Individual in Our Economic System.

Certain rights and freedoms go with our economic
system. Under this system each person can generally
decide for himself how he wants to earn his living,
where he wants to work, how he wants to spend his
money, and what property he wants to own.
For example, if a person wants to be a teacher, he
has to attend college and get the proper training.
Then he can teach where he wants to, provided, of
course, that there is a job available. Another person
might prefer to become a plumber, a postal worker,
a nurse, or a farmer.
The freedom of individuals to choose their own
ways of making a living is called freedom of enterprise.
This freedom is limited by the government where it
is necessary to protect the public. For example, a
person cannot practice medicine or law without
meeting certain requirements set by the government.

Business and Free Enterprise.

Under our economic system large companies and
small businesses have freedoms similar to those of
individuals. They can decide for themselves what
services they want to provide and what products
they want to manufacture. They generally have the
freedom to manufacture and sell their products at
the prices they decide on. Companies also have the
right to own or sell property, such as land, machinery,
and other things of value.



Labeling

The information given on the label of a package
is most helpful to the consumer because it is available
right at the time of buying and because it is objective.
By law a label must be truthful and tell what a
product is and what it contains. On products such as
foods the label must appear on the outside of a
package. Here is a list of the information required on
food labels by the =United =States government.

=1 The name of the product
=2 The net contents, or actual amount of food in
a container
=3 The separate ingredients of things made of more
than one product
=4 The name and place of business of the  
manufacturer, packer, or distributor
=5 Any artificial coloring, flavoring, or chemical
preservative
=6 Vitamin content, if any is claimed on the label
=7 Style of pack of some canned fruits or vegetables
 whole, diced, etc. , the variety  white or yellow
popcorn, for example , and the packing medium
 brine, oil, water, etc. 

The name of the product informs the consumer
what he is buying. Candy can't be labeled chocolate



Buying on Credit.

It's very easy to see that buying on credit has many
advantages. And it's also easy to see the  
disadvantages. The most obvious is that in most cases the
person buying on credit ends up paying more for
the goods or services than the person who pays cash
for them.
Also, if for some reason a person is unable to meet
the payments, the goods bought on credit can be
repossessed; then all payments made to that point are
forfeited. In some cases if the debtor has a job, a part
of his salary can be taken by the firm he owes money
to before he is paid. This is called garnisheeing wages.
All of these disadvantages are of course the result
of overspending, the major danger that goes with
buying on credit. If credit terms are made to seem
too easy, some people will spend more than they can
afford. Many families such as the =Kammerts have
gotten into serious financial difficulties by buying on
credit more articles or services than their income can
&&000 HARPER & ROW  (1976)    6TH GRADE          HAR9766T.ASC
TIME AND TIGERS no author on cover page
READING BASICS PLUS
SOURCE: Elmira College xerox scan edit by DPH February 5, 1993

&&111



=Jane =Goodall crouched in the
wet grass, expecting her next
breath to be her last. Slowly she
realized that the jungle had  
become silent again and cautiously
she looked around. She was alone.
A great surge of happiness
came over her. For months she
had been trying to study the
chimpanzees at first hand but
with little success. The problem
was that they were afraid of her.
Every time she would come
near, they would disappear. Now
they no longer were afraid. She
felt this was a giant step toward
attaining their confidence and
friendship.
Even as a child. Jane =Goodall
had been deeply interested in
animals. Growing up in the  
seaside city of =Bournemouth in  
=England. she would watch spiders
and beetles and make notes.
When asked what she would do
when she grew up, she would
answer.  I'm going to =Africa to
study animals.  =When she was
twelve. she had a natural history
museum in back of her home. In
it were skeletons of mice and
squirrels. a shell collection. a
turtle. and some guinea pigs.
Jane was very fond of books
and would spend money on  
second-hand books rather than on
candy or ice cream. The books
she chose were almost always
about animals.
Perhaps her spirit of adventure
was inherited from her father.
who was a racing-car driver. Her
intense determination may have
come from her mother, who told
her,  If you really want  
something, you must go out and work
and fight for it. 
=Africa must have seemed a
long way off when =Jane finished
school. She became a secretary
in an office and then worked for
a =London company that  
produced advertising films. I t was a
great thrill when a letter arrived
from a former school friend with
an invitation to visit her in  
=Kenya, in east =Africa. Jane was
twenty-three years old.
To obtain money for the fare
to =Kenya, she returned to  
=Bournemouth, where she lived at home.



=John =Ashley was not a cruel man. He owned slaves because
he was rich and could afford to buy them. With their work,
he became richer, and their toil made life easier for him and
his family. His slaves lived well. They lived in comfort,
compared to many other working people.

Of course =Mistress =Ashley should not have struck =Bet. But
then many families, most families, have trouble now and
then and quarrels. even violent quarrels, are not uncommon.

Slaves were property. That had always been true in =American
and a man was entitled to his property. =Ashley did not
believe that the law should take property from him. He had
cared for his slaves when they were children. He would care
for them when they were too old to work. 


could be a witness for anybody. Bidding the boy good-by.
the man told him that he would soon return to make good
his promise.

A few days had passed when the moneylender returned.
This time he found the poor peasant couple at home. for it
was late in the evening. A nasty scene ensued, the rich man
claiming his money and the poor peasant apologizing and
begging for another delay. Their argument awakened the little
boy who ran to his father and told him,  =Father, =Father,
you don't have to pay your debt. This gentleman here has
promised me that he would forget all about the money you
owe him. 

 Nonsense.  The rich man shook his walking stick at both
father and son.  Nonsense. Are you going to stand there
and listen to a child's inventions? I never spoke a word to
this boy. Now, tell me, are you going to pay, or are you not? 
=The whole affair ended by being brought before the mandarin
who governed the county. Not knowing what to believe,
all the poor peasant and his wife could do was to bring their
son with them when they went to court. The little boy's
insistence about the rich man's promise was their only
encouragement.

The mandarin began by asking the boy to relate exactly
what had happened between himself and the moneylender.
Happily. the boy hastened to tell about the explanations he
gave the rich man in exchange for the debt.



Good night. =Charlie said sadly. Then an idea occurred to
him. He repeated his good night loudly and added some
coughing to cover the fact that he was closing the bedroom
door behind him, the door that =Mum kept open so that she
could listen for her children. They had outgrown all that
kind of attention, except possibly for =Wilson. =Charlie had
shut the door against =Mum's hearing because he intended to
slip downstairs for a drink of water, well, for a drink and
perhaps a snack. That fly business had awakened him and
also weakened him: he needed something.

He crept downstairs, trusting to =Floss's good sense not to
make a row. He turned the foot of the staircase towards the
kitchen, and there had not been the faintest whimper from
her, far less a bark. He was passing the dog basket when he
had the most unnerving sensation of something being wrong
there, something unusual, at least. He could not have said
whether he had heard something or smelled something. He
could certainly have seen nothing in the blackness: perhaps
some extra sense warned him.

 Floss?  he whispered, and there was the usual little scrabble
and snuffle. He held out his fingers low down for =Floss to
lick. As she did not do so at once, he moved them towards
her. met some obstruction, 

Don't poke your fingers in my eye!  a voice said, very  
lowtoned and cross.  =Charlie's first, confused thought was that
=Floss had spoken. The voice was familiar. 



Activating the magnetic locator on his belt so he would
be able to find his way back, he started after the alien,
who was shining his own lamp on the ground ahead of
him and seemed to know exactly where he was going.

As they moved in silence across the dead mass,  
weirdshaped rock formations rose like grotesque giants around
them, and just beyond the small tight circles of their lights
pressed the formless dark of perpetual night.  =Max, hurrying
along behind the alien, felt a growing and profound respect
for the whole fantastic experience.

 Are you reading us, skipper?  =Haverson's voice came over
the communicator, interrupting his thoughts.

 I read you,  =Max answered.  We're still moving away from
the ship. Nothing to see but rocks and darkness. 

But moments later the alien stopped and pointed his lamp
off to the right and up on a ledge where the light illuminated
the broken, mangled wreckage of a spaceship, a ship
almost twice the size of =Max =Landin's. Then the alien's
lamp left the wreckage in darkness and shone ahead of
him to where two more aliens in spacesuits waited, one of
them standing but the other lying motionless on the ground
beside him.

Stunned by the sight, =Max approached them cautiously,
whispering into his mouthpiece.  Ed? Will?



The road is long, and the country is strange. I must be  
careful not to take the wrong path or my journey will be endless.
How shall I know, when the sun rises, which way to go? 

He thought about this problem for some time, and at last he
solved it. He went out of the cave and laid his staff on the
ground, pointing it in the direction of =Pyongyang.

 Now there will be no question when I arise as to which way
I will travel,  =Pak said. He returned to the cave and went to
sleep.

When the first rays of the sun came in the morning, another
traveler came along the road and saw =Pak's staff on the
ground. He picked it up and examined it. Then he saw =Pak
sleeping in the cave, so he put the staff back on the ground
and walked on. But when he put the staff down, he pointed
it in the opposite direction, not at =Pyongyang but at the village
of =Kosei.

=Pak soon awoke. He made himself some tea, and when he
was ready to travel again, he went out and picked up his
staff, carefully noting the direction in which it was pointing.

After several hours he came to a bush with a hat sitting on
top.  =Pak began to laugh.

 What strange things are to be seen on the way to =Pyongyang! 
he said aloud.  In two days, two bushes wearing hats!'

But what can we do to stop him?  =Aunt =Edith wanted to
know, desperately.  We can't tell him that he mustn't, 

She was interrupted by a snort as =Uncle =Otis marched into
the kitchen with the evening paper.

 Listen to this!  he commanded and read us a short item, th~
gist of which was that =Seth =Youngman, the second cousin
who had lawsuited his hill away from him, was planning to
sell =Marble =Hill to a =New =York company that would quarry
it. Then =Uncle =Otis threw the paper down on the kitchen
table in disgust.

 What they talking about?  he barked, his eyebrows bristling
 =Marble =Hill? No hill around here by that name and never
has been. And =Seth =Youngman never owned a hill in his
life. What kind of idiots get this paper out, I want to know?

He glowered at us. And in the silence. a faint distant  
rumbling. as of displaced stones, could be heard. Aunt =Edith
and I turned as one. It was still light. and from the kitchen
window we could see to the northwest. where =Marble =Hill
stood up against the horizon like a battered derby hat, or
where it had stood.

Uncle =Otis himself. unaware of anything unusual. picked up
the paper again. He snorted and strode back toward the  
parlor. Aunt =Edith and I looked at each other.



=Pancho and =Tomaso were compadres. =Tomaso was a
clever and mischievous rascal. He made a lot of money
and loved to play tricks on other people. =Pancho, on the
other hand, was a slow-witted, trusting fellow. And he was
poor as well.

One day, =Tomaso met =Pancho on a dusty street of their
village. =Tomaso was carrying a large sack, and =Pancho
asked what was in it.



liquid, chocolate brown eyes, just one shade darker than
her skin.

What did her mother see, if she didn't see =Amanda?
=Amanda's quick imagination leaped to present her with the
picture of a =Proper =Example, a spotlessly clean, starched,
tidy creature who kept her elbows in and her knees  
hidden, whose hair never worked loose from its tight rubber
band, who didn't run or shout or use slang, whose name
was always on the honor roll.
 You there, =shoo! Don't trespass! Keep to the sidewalk! 
Absorbed in her picture-making, =Amanda had unthinkingly
taken the short cut across Mrs =Hawthorne's corner lot.
Now the old lady had popped from her house like a
cuckoo from a clock.

 Oh, woe!  muttered =Amanda, retreating quickly.  Here we
go again! 

The first time this had happened, =Amanda had felt  
bewildered. The short cut was worn bare by years of  
schoolchildren's feet, and others seemed to be using it freely.

 I'm not hurting anything,  she had said.

Her protest roused the old lady to a flurry of shrill birdlike
cries.  This is private property. I have my rights! 


&&000 HARPER & ROW  (1976)  6TH GRADE               HAR9766W.ASC

NOTE: FILE NAME CONTAINS 'W' = WONDER BOOK

THE TALES THEY TELL (WONDER BOOK) by Miriam Blanton Huber et al
Source: Elmira College  xerox, scan, edit by DPH February 7, 1993

&&111



The winds of the prairie
Might blow through his rags,
But he carried his seeds
In the best deerskin bags.

From old =Ashtabula
To frontier =Fort =Wayne,
He planted and pruned
And he planted again.

He had not a hat
To encumber his head.
He wore a tin pan
On his white hair instead.

He nested with owl
And with bear cub and possum,
And knew all his orchards
Root, tendril, and blossom.

A fine old man,
As ripe as a pippin,
His heart still light,
And his step still skipping.

The men in the boat started pulling the rope
back. Hand over hand, they pulled in nearly half
a mile of rope with a wounded whale on the other
end. The rope was passed around a post in the
stern of the boat and carefully coiled. It was very,
very hard work and took several hours. Just as
they got most of the line in, the whale darted off
again, and they took another =Nantucket sleigh
ride. This kept up until the whale was exhausted.
Then the whaleboat crew drew back the line for the
last time.
As the boat came near the wounded whale, the
harpooner and the mate stood up in the boat and
changed places. Captain =Paddock went carefully
to the stern and steered the boat until it almost
touched the whale's back. The mate picked up a
razor-sharp six-foot lance, stood up in the bow,
and plunged the lance into the whale.
 Stern all, for your lives!  cracked the captain's
command as the whale went into its last flurry.
The oarsmen rowed the boat backwards in a hurry,
for this was the moment of greatest danger. Bull
whales, like this one, would often  pitch-pole ;
that is, they would rear up on their tails and turn
clear around. Then with their heads circling like
big black haystacks and their jaws wide open, they



an acre across. In the bottom of the crater, boiling
like a witch's caldron, was a great evil-smelling
mass of mud and oil and water and rocks that
bubbled and spewed like a volcano.
Over =thirty =million cubic feet of natural gas had
broken loose from its prison deep down in the earth
that day and caused the explosion. Visitors to
the =Smackover =Oil =Field can still see the crater.
Even today, it is a famous landmark.
One look at the destruction was enough to tell
=Kemp =Morgan that he would never get oil from
that hole now. He also knew that he owed his life
to the mayor's daughter who had persuaded him
to leave the drilling and come to the picnic. He was
always grateful to her.
The next day =Kemp set up another rig a short
distance away and started drilling again. At =2'024
feet he brought in a well that produced great  
quantities of high-grade crude oil. Within a year, a
=thousand producing wells had been completed in
the =Smackover =Oil =Fields, and =25 =million barrels
had been produced.
As always, =Kemp =Morgan moved on after he
brought in the discovery well. As usual, he turned
the management of the field over to a company
that built tanks and a pipe line so that the oil



and leaned over, bending his knees to take the
strain of the =thousand-pound weight. He tried to
lift the bar. Nothing happened. Taking a deep
breath, he tried again. He gave a long hard pull
this time. He pulled so hard that his breath came
in quick pants and his eyes popped out like apples
on a stick. The sweat ran down his face and  
shoulders as if he were standing in front of a blast furnace
in =July. But =Pete =Pussick could not move the
=thousand-pound dolly bar.
=Mary =Mestrovich cried quietly to herself as the
=Johnstown man walked up to the big dolly bar.
His friends cheered. All the =Steeltown people
were silent.
The =Johnstown man curled his mustache and
bowed to the people. He flexed his muscles and
smiled. When he was sure everybody was looking at
him, he braced his feet and bent down to the  
=thousand-pound chunk of steel. He pulled once, and
nothing happened.
Grunting like a pig, the =Johnstown man pulled
again. Still he could not budge the =thousand-pound
weight. Finally he took a deep breath and pulled
once more. The bar did not rise an inch! As he
pulled, something inside his right arm snapped, and
he gave up.



The watchman dashed out of the pilothouse, and
in a short time he was back again.  I found Mr
=X,  he said.  What do you think the lunatic was
doing? 
 I don't know,  said =Ealer.  What? 
 =Before I saw you,  the watchman said,  I found
Mr =X walking along the top oœ the railing as  
unconcerned as if he were walking on a pavement.
He was fast asleep! I put him to bed. Now, just
this minute, there he was again, away astern, going
through the same tightrope walking, still sound
asleep. 
=George =Ealer burst out laughing.  Well, I never! 
he shouted.  You should have seen him take this
boat through the =Helena crossing. Never saw
anything to equal it. 
 Didn't you know he was asleep, sir?  asked
the watchman.
 No,  said =Ealer.  I couldn't see his face in
the dark. But I never in my life saw such  
goldleaf, kid-glove, diamond-stickpin piloting as he
did!  
Both men laughed again and again.
 Well,  said =Ealer,  all I have to say is that
every steamboat pilot on the =Mississippi =River
should learn to walk in his sleep! 





=Jim =Higgins was poling his flatboat down the
=Mississippi. It was a risky business because of
the current and the quirks of the river. He had
a valuable load aboard, furs mostly from the Street
=Louis trading post.
It was =Jim's job to get the furs safely to =New
=Orleans, which was fifteen =hundred miles away and
down one of the most peculiar rivers in the =United
=States. No man knew when the =Mississippi might
change its channels. As for sand bars, they  
appeared and vanished overnight. The river was
never the same two trips in a row.
Flatboatman =Jim =Higgins made one or two trips
a year down  =Old =Mississip,  taking on loads at
government trading posts along the river. The
loads were mostly furs trapped by Indians and  
frontier settlers.
He floated and poled his boat down-river.  
Sometimes when the shifting current played tricks and



In the days of old =Greece there lived a very
queer schoolmaster by the name of =Chiron. =Chiron
was a centaur. He had the body and the four feet
of a horse but the shoulders, arms, and head of a
man. =Chiron must have been a fine schoolmaster,
for many of the heroes of old =Greece lived with
=Chiron and went to his school, high up on the side
of a tall mountain in a great cave.
=Chiron was a kind-hearted and merry old fellow,
and his pupils liked him. He taught them games,
and he told them stories of the old heroes. He
taught them how to hunt, how to take care of
themselves in the forest, and how to use the bow
and arrow, the spear and sword and shield.
=Chiron was full of wisdom and had the power
of foreseeing the future. 



Before long, on a day in summer, the king's new
house was completed. By now, he was so ill that
he had to be carried into it and placed upon his
bed. This stood near a window through which he
could see nectarine, cherry, and pear trees  
growing beside a lake.
Seated on the branches or flying between them
were sleek ravens, swift hawks and a number of
waterfowl. Sometimes, too, a lammergeyer, the
royal bird, would fly overhead, as if caring and
watchful for the king's safety. So agreeable were
these sights, that =Vahram's health began to  
improve just a little.



=Ilmarin, the skillful smith and artist? Long I have
waited for him to come to forge for me the =Sampo. 
 I am =Ilmarin,  answered =Ilmarin.
=Louhi quickly ran to her dwelling and called to
the fairest of her daughters,  Come, dress yourself
in your finest raiment and your rarest jewels. Bind
your hair with silken ribbons. The great artist,
=Ilmarin, has come from =Kalevala to hammer out
for us the =Sampo with its lid in many colors. 
=Old =Louhi ran back to =Ilmarin, while the
daughter dressed in her finest. About her forehead
she put a band of copper, around her waist a  
golden girdle, and in her hair she ran threads of silver.
To the hall hastened the daughter, eager to see
the great artist. Peeking in, she saw her mother
and =Ilmarin seated at a well-filled dinner table.
As the daughter waited and watched at the door,
her mother spoke.
 You, =Ilmarin, are master of the forge,  said
=Louhi.  Can you forge for me the magic mill, the
=Sampo? Do this for me, and you shall have my fairest
daughter. 
Then =Ilmarin answered,  I once forged the arch
of heaven and made a concave cover for the air;
so I will now forge for you the =Sampo and will
hammer out the lid with colors. 



a border campaign and discovered that =Rovina
had taught the serfs to read and write, and the
palace servants to speak as well as the members
of his court, he turned on her in rage.  What
have you done, woman?  he stormed.  When my
back's turned, you give them learning. If the
rabble rises and turns against me, their =Tsar,
you alone shall be to blame. 
 Learning enlightens, it does not chain,  replied
=Rovina.  The good one has given me this gift, a
trust to share with those who need it. 
 Not while I'm =Tsar!  her husband shouted  
unreasonably.  You and your learning, =bah! No
woman can tell me what to do! Go back to your
father, at once. 
Now the =Tsar, who loved =Rovina to distraction,
couldn't imagine life without her. Yet once he'd
spoken the dreadful words, he was too proud
to recall them.  You're no longer my wife, my
=Tsarina,  he raged in fury.  You're to leave my
presence immediately. 
 It shall be as you wish, =O glorious =Tsar,   
replied =Rovina with seeming meekness. Yet all
the while she was turning over a daring plan in
her mind.  But before I leave, I have one favor
to beg,  she continued.  For the sake of our seven
&&000 HARCOURT BRACE JOVANOVICH (1974) 6TH GRADE    HBJ9746T.ASC
also (1970) READING POWER by Margaret Early 
Bookmark Reading Program
Source: Elmira College: xerox scan edit by DPH February 6, 1993

&&111


They are called general-purpose
computers. These are the big
brains  that solve the most difficult
problems of science. They answer
questions about rockets and planes,
bridges and ships, long before
these things are even built.
The designer of a ship, for  
example, might feed a general-purpose
computer such facts as the size
and weight of the ship, the kind of
metal to be used, the shape of the
sides, and the type of engines that
will move it. The computer then
quickly figures out how fast the
ship will go, how it will behave in
the water, and what troubles it
may have. On the basis of what
the computer reports, plans may
be changed. In this way, trouble
is not built in; it is corrected before
it happens !
Computers help our space  
program, our armed forces, our  
business and industry. They are
powerful tools which will help to
change our lives and the world
around us.

LOOK, =MA-NO HANDS!
One of the most exciting jobs
that computers have been  
programmed to do is to run a factory, 
completely automatically.
The idea of an automatic factory
is not really new. In =1784, an  
inventor named =Oliver =Evans built
an automatic grain mill near =Philadelphia. 
The mill was automatic
because it had a series of moving
belts. The grain was moved by
means of these belts to the grinders.
After it had been ground into flour,
it was moved on belts again to be
automatically bagged. Finally,
belts carried the bags of flour to the
shipping area.
What a difference between =Oliver
=Evans' mill and today's automatic
factory ! We used to think that
things were automatic if we could
make them work by pushing a
button. Now, we don't even have to
push the button ! The computer
does it for us.
Many industries have factories,.
or portions of factories, that are
run by computers. Among them
are steel, automobile, oil refining,
aircraft, and atomic energy plants.
The =Ford =Motor factory was a
great pioneer in the field of  
automation. Let us pay a visit to the
factory where engine blocks for
=Ford cars are made. An engine block
is made of heavy 
cast iron. It needs many holes and
openings of different sizes. These
holes must be exactly the right
size and they must be perfectly
smooth and even.
The =Ford automatic machines
move the two-hundred-pound
engine blocks from one place to



=New =York =City who performed operations
on the brains of persons with
=Parkinson's disease. The  
operation could not help all sufferers of
the disease. It was dangerous.
And some doctors opposed it.
But =Margaret didn't hesitate. She
went to see the young surgeon and
asked him to operate on her brain.
The doctor explained the  
operation, its chances of success, its
dangers. But =Margaret really heard
only one fact: it had been  
successful in =hundreds of cases. She
wanted it done to her. And once
the decision was made, there was
nothing else to worry about. She
was now in the hands of the
surgeon, fate, =God.
The operation was done under a
local anesthetic. =Margaret couldn't
be put to sleep because the surgeon
had to talk to her during the  
operation. He had to know her reactions
while he probed deep within the
brain. A small hole the size of a
dime was drilled in the skull, and
the surgeon's careful probing began.
Margaret heard the noises and the
commands, but she couldn't see.
Once she almost giggled. She
remembered it wasn't so bad  
having her head shaved; wigs were so
popular that year.
Then it was over and =Margaret
went to sleep, dreaming of being
able to load her camera and  
making adjustments on the lens without 
shaking and dropping. The
gifts started to arrive when she
awoke. Not the flowers and the
books and the messages from
friends, but the real gifts. Her
left arm swung loose one day. Her
back straightened up on another.
Walking became commonplace
again. And one day a nurse gave
her a fresh nightgown and told her
to change into it. Without thinking,
=Margaret raised both arms and tied
the strings behind her neck. Then
she remembered that this  
combination of movements was a miracle.
That was only the beginning.
The rest was hard, patient work.
She went back to the hospital to
learn to reuse the muscles that
had become so weak. She had to
relearn how to speak distinctly,
because the muscles of the throat
had been weakened. She tossed
and caught a heavy ball for hours
every day. She did deep knee
bends. She tangoed and  
cha-chacha'd to improve coordination.
And she worked with her cameras.

She went back to work as a  
reporter of the world's agonies and
achievements. She went back to
work in a professional field she had
helped open to women, and in
which she had proved women can
reach the top. Margaret  
=BourkeWhite just couldn't quit.


A. Investigations show that there is a connection between
heavy smoking and certain diseases. Experiments with  
animals show that skin cancer can be produced from the  
contents of tobacco. Many more smokers develop lung cancer
than nonsmokers. Few athletes smoke while they are training
for competition because their breathing seems to be affected
by it. What idea can you infer from this paragraph?
B. By the =1860's, out of =hundreds of =Alpine peaks, only a
handful remained unconquered. The =Matterhorn was one.
The =Matterhorn rises like a monument on the border  
between =Switzerland and Italy. Many of its snowy neighbor
peaks are nearly as high, while several are even higher. But
the eye comes to rest on that almost bare, soaring rock that
rises in a pyramid nearly a mile above its glaciers. The cliffs
of the =Matterhorn are steep and sheer. Very little snow can
stay on them, and there is nothing to protect the rock from
the sun. By day the cliffs expand. At night they contract
with the cold. There is a constant cracking and loosening
and sliding of deadly avalanches.



a thatched roof. He is called  
=Chairman =Kim, and he lives in a house
with a red tile roof! He has more
money than we peasants.
He buys rice and fish at the  
market every single day ! Fish and
rice cost a lot of money. Our family
can not afford to eat rice often. It's
the same old story every year: we
sell part of our rice, the rest lasts
only three or four months. We
must sell our rice in order to buy
other food we need, and cloth and
seed and tools. After we have
eaten what is left of our rice, we
start eating barley. Barley is much
cheaper.
Sometimes the crops are bad.
Then we go hungry for months,
and there is famine everywhere.
But fortunately that rarely happens.
We have a fish head and a bunch
of red peppers hanging above our
front door. We hope these charms
will guard us against famine. Also,
=Mother had two of my sister =Suk-hi's
baby teeth set into the rafters to
bring good luck. =Suk-hi is my  
oldest sister and our house was being
built at the time she lost her first
teeth.

My grandparents and my parents
had come from the north just a
year before that  during the war.
The village they had been living in
was destroyed in the fighting. They
took whatever of their belongings
they could carry on their shoulders
and walked south to find a new
place to live. It must have been
a terrible time several =million  
people lost their houses and fields and
didn't know where to flee to or what
to eat. After this war =North =Korea
was separated from =South =Korea by
an armistice line, running from the
=Yellow =Sea on the west coast to the
=Sea of =Japan on the east coast.
Many families were separated and
over a =million people were killed.
I really don't know why it all  
happened. Nobody can explain it well,
not even the teacher or =Father.
We have a photograph of that  
terrible time hanging on the wall near
our statue of =Buddha. It is a  
clipping from a newspaper, and it
shows =Father carrying =Grandfather
on his back across a stream. The
days and days of walking had  
become too much for =Grandfather.
He got sick and would have died
at the roadside if =Father hadn't
carried him on his back. The
others had to carry parts of =Father's
pack: a wooden plow and a sack of
rice seeds.

=Sung-je,  =Mother calls to me.
 Can't you do anything besides  
fooling around with your dog.  =There
is so much to be done. and you
play ! Come here and hold little
=Sung-hak for a while so I can  
prepare my sewing for Miss =Lim. 



After several years, work on the canal stopped.
In =1904 the =United =States government took over where the
=French left off. By this time, the =United =States and other  
countries realized how important the canal was to them. After
ten years the =Panama =Canal was completed.
Theodore =Roosevelt, who was =President of the =United =States,
is given credit for building the canal. But one man made it
possible by ridding the territory of malaria and yellow fever.
He was an army doctor, =Colonel =William =Gorgas.

How fast did you find out what =Colonel =Gorgas did?
The following selection is about the division of =India into
states. Scan it to find out how many states there are in
=India now. What key words will you look for?

When the new nation emerged in =1947, it had twenty-seven
states, in addition to the princely states which had been
brought into the =Union. At that time, it was settled that =Hindi
would become the national language of =India, but it was also
decided that time was to be allowed for the transfer from
official =English to the chosen =Hindi.
In the meantime, the division into twenty-seven states came
to seem artificial to the people. In =1956 the government,
yielding to their pressures, created fourteen different states
from the whole of =India. Two states have since been added.



Botanists have found that on the
inner surfaces of the leaf-traps there
are several trigger hairs. But the
remarkable thing is that if you
touch one of these trigger hairs
with a straw or y our finger the
trap will not close; in order to spring
the trap you must touch at least
two of the trigger hairs or touch
one =twice.
Why has =Nature constructed
the plant in this way? The answer
is simple. If only one touch were
needed to spring the leaf-traps, they
would be snapping shut each time
a drop of rain fell into them or
whenever a blade of grass brushed
against them. Because of this
clever arrangement it is hard to
fool the =Venus'-flytrap, and it
usually snaps shut only when an
insect crawls across it. Of course,
if you brush across the trigger
hairs several times with a straw,
the traps will close, and it will
probably be several hours before the
leaf will discover its mistake and
reset itself.
It has been found that the  
leaftraps take about one or two seconds
to close, but this seems fast enough
to catch most insects. Actually,
an insect like a fly could easily
escape before the trap shuts, but
usually the insects do not seem to
realize what is happening until
too late. If you watch the traps
closely you will see that the more
the captured insect struggles to
free itself, the tighter the plant
holds it. In the meantime, minute
glands upon the leaf-trap surface
begin secreting a digestive fluid that
slowly dissolves the edible parts of
the unfortunate captive. In time
, after a few days, the trap will
open again and be ready to capture
the next insect foolish enough to
walk into it.

PITCHER PLANTS
There is another family of  
insect catching plants found in many parts
of the =United =States that are called
pitcher plants. These plant  
trappers have leaves that are hollow
and shaped like slender pitchers
or horns. They usually grow best
in damp bogs or marshes, the same
sort of locations where the other
kinds of insect-eating plants are
found. The means by which these
pitcher plants lure insects to their
doom have been studied by many
botanists, but there is still much



that we need to know about them.
The leaf, of course, is the trap, as
in the case of the =Venus'-flvtrap,
but it works in an entirely different
way. If you cut open some of these
leaves you will always find them
partly full of insects and insect


 How old is it?  That is one of the first questions  
archaeologists are invariably asked about their discoveries. It is
also one of the things that archaeologists want to know. Like us,
they are curious. They want to be able to put a date to that
particular site and its former inhabitants and their implements
and utensils.

Archaeologists digging in historic sites don't have to worry
about this problem. Once people learned how to write, it
wasn't long before they were leaving behind them a trail of
letters, documents, and inscriptions with the names of rulers
and events.  =Sumerian, =Babylonian, and =Assyrian rulers often
placed inscribed cornerstones in their temples and palaces, 
built during the reign of king so-and-so. Some also had their
names stamped on building bricks.

In =Egypt most of the pharaohs believed in the power of
advertising. Their names and other inscriptions carved on
temples, obelisks, statues, sphinxes, and columns are of great
help to modern archaeologists. Diggers in most classical ruins
had it even easier, as =Greek and =Roman historians wrote  
volumes about their life and times.



Every day he went out with a
teammate and practiced throwing
to first base, from one position,
then another, on his side of the
infield. It was not long before he
was the best shortstop the college
had ever had on its team.
 Just as good as a professional, 
his teammates agreed.  He'll
surely become a regular ball player
when he's through here. 
But no one else ever made up
=George =Bellows' mind for him.
 No,  he said,  I'm going to be an
artist. 
In his senior year he quit school
and went to =New =York to study at
the =New =York =School of =Art. His
parents did not object. After all,
the boy was old enough to know
what he wanted, and he had been
earning his own money during
vacations by drawing cartoons for
the local newspapers.
 Still I'd hoped the boy would
take up something that would give
him more of the comforts of life
than art ever can,  the father
sighed.
And the mother knew there was
no use dreaming any more about
seeing her son a bishop.
The art students looked up in
curiosity at this newcomer to their
class, towering above them all,
with tousled blond hair and a
cheerful, friendly smile as he looked
about the room. He was the kind
to make friends easily, and was
soon laughing and talking with
them in his =Midwestern accent,
and playing boyish pranks, as if he
had known them always. When
he laughed aloud, it was with such
gaiety and good humor that it made
everyone else around him join in
the laughter, too. Yet there was
something about this lighthearted
youth that attracted his teachers
even from the beginning. They saw
that he was serious in one thing,
and that was in learning to draw
and paint. And if they criticized
his work more severely than they
did any of the other students', it
was because they knew he was
there to learn and not to be flattered.

NEW IDEAS IN ART
=American artists were beginning
to realize then that it was no longer
necessary for them to live in =Europe
to win recognition. A few older
ones, such as =Winslow =Homer and
=Thomas =Eakins, had led the way.
They had come back from their



studies abroad, to paint the  
=American scene in a way that was their
own. Now others had come to take
their place. There was a group
called  =The =Eight,  not only  
painting the familiar things around them,
but doing it in such a way that they
held their own with the best of the



B. The person who means most in producing an opera is
the =Musical =Director. This is the man who advises which
singers should be engaged, which conductor should be used,
and what musical staff. Often the =Musical =Director himself
conducts, and he will certainly conduct at full rehearsals.

C. A =Moslem has many religious duties. To begin with he
must pray five times a day, always facing in the direction of
the sacred city of =Mecca. He must give to the poor. For
one month a year, he may not eat or drink from sunrise to
sunset. This month of fasting is called =Ramadan. If he can
afford it, a =Moslem must make a pilgrimage to =Mecca.

D. =Leonardo =da =Vinci is best known as a painter, but he
was also a sculptor and a musician. He was a talented  
engineer and inventor and an important figure in the history of
science. =Leonardo was a man of many talents.

E. How well man manages to live on the earth depends a
great deal on how well he maintains the forests. The forests
of the earth help to enrich our soil and control our water
supply. They affect the amount of water we have to drink,
to grow our crops, and to run our industries.



Then some people we call =Libyans
  we don't know what they called
themselves  settled along the river.
These people had been living along
the north coast of =Africa. But
for a long time the climate of that
country had been changing. The
rains, which had been coming less
and less often, grew so scarce that
the new leaves of the trees withered,
and the forest died.
Dreadful times followed. The
=Libyans had to find new homes and
food. Those who were lucky found
caves where they could shelter
themselves from the burning heat of
the sun. But the plants all dried up,
and the game animals grew scarcer
and scarcer, until finally there were
no more. Then they lived on the
snails that they found around their
caves.
At last one of them must have
wandered farther away than the
others in his search for food, 
wandered until he came to the
=Nile, which carried the water that
meant life. Think of his joy as he
hurried back to tell his friends !
Many of them followed him and
made their homes along the  
newfound river.

THE KINGDOMS OF =EGYPT
=Hundreds of years after the  
=Libyans had settled on the =Nile, a new
race of people crossed into =Egypt
from some place along the =Red =Sea.
They seem to have been tall and
strong, but there were too few of
them to conquer the land by  
fighting. Yet in a little while these men
became the kings and nobles of
=Upper =Egypt.
For some =hundreds of years all
of these people lived along the
=Nile in their little villages. And,
through the years, the men of the
villages fought with one another
about many things, but perhaps
chiefly about land. Fertile ground
was scarce. When one village
wanted more land on which to
grow its food, there was only one
thing to do, take it away from some
weaker town. And so they fought,
one village joining with another
to fight its neighbor, until at last
they joined to form two great  
kingdoms, =Lower =Egypt and =Upper
=Egypt.
The ruler of =Lower =Egypt was
called the =Bee king. He wore a
bright red crown, and in the titles
of all the =Bee kings we find a  
picture of a bee. The king of =Upper
=Egypt was called the =Reed king.
His crown was white, and there is
always the sign of the reed in his
titles.
We know very little of those early
rulers. They have left us no tombs,
no pyramids, and no records. At
most we have only a few empty



has written many charming books
about animals and their ways.
Animals are his friends.  
Sometimes they are his students. At
other times they are his children.
He has lived and worked with them
and studied them closely.
When Dr =Lorenz sits down to
tea, he is often joined by his father
 who was a great medical doctor
in his day , his mother, his wife and
child, his twelve associates in  
research, and also by a large goose,
some gray goslings, some very black
ravens and their nestlings, a large
red dog, a small tame rat, and his
own baby ducks!
Yes, I did say Dr =Lorenz's own 
baby ducks. You will soon see why.
Outside in the garden, not  
wishing to come in to tea yet, a white
cockatoo is biting buttons off the
drying clothes.
These are only a few of Dr
=Lorenz's animal friends. For he
raises eight kinds of geese, eight
different ducks, =thirty-three kinds
of semitropical fish, weasels, white
rats, flying foxes, songbirds,  
jackdaws, hawks, and more, too.
This scientist and naturalist takes
the quacks and calls of his friends
seriously. He even talks with them
in their own language. He can call
his cockatoo down from the  
highest tree. He can speak with the
raven in the deep forest. He can
even quack like a mother duck.
In fact, he is so close to his  
animals that newborn baby goslings
and ducklings treat him as their
own mother.
How can this be? How can a
man be mother to a duck?
Dr =Lorenz has found out one of
the secrets of how animals learn.
With patience, good humor, and
great curiosity, he studies animals
which are absolutely free. He gives
them freedom to wander and to
fly away if they wish. He also gives
them food and love. Their trust in
him is so great that they come back.
 Only if they are free,  says Dr
=Lorenz,  can I learn about their
real nature. 
Dr =Lorenz feels like a =King  
=Solomon among the beasts.  
 Remember the =Kipling poem?  he asks with
a smile.

There was never a =King like =Solomon
Not since the world began,
Yet =Solomon talked to a butterfly
As a man would talk to a man.


Dr =Lorenz takes morning walks
along the =Danube which are both
a scientific search and a pure  
pleasure. For here roam his wild friends
of the woods and field and river.
How rich am I,  says =Konrad
=Lorenz,  when I can go for a walk
and hear a raven call deep in the
woods and answer that call. 
&&000 HARCOURT BRACE JOVANOVICH (1979)  6TH GRADE   HBJ9796T.ASC
Level 12 MOVING FORWARD Margaret Early et al
Source: Hobart WS  xerox scan edit by DPH       February 13, 1993

&&111


The part of the =Earth we see
and know and live on is just the
top layer, the crust. Even the
deepest mines go only a short
way into the crust. Yet we have a
good idea of what the inside of
the =Earth is like.
The crust is thin. It is only
about three miles thick in some
places, about fourteen miles
thick at the thickest part.  
Although it seems heavy and solid
to us, it is the lightest layer.
Below the crust is a large
layer called the mantle. It is a
much heavier layer. The part of
the mantle just below the crust is
a strange place. Pressure there is
very great, and the temperatures
are very high.
Sometimes the mantle rock
melts. The molten rock, called
magma, makes its way slowly  
toward the surface of the =Earth. It
can cool and harden just  
beneath the surface.
Sometimes, though, the  
rising magma finds a crack or weak
spot in the =Earth s crust. The
heat and pressure from below
push the mass of hot rock
against the opening. Suddenly
the surface gives way, and the
molten rock explodes out of the
opening as lava. This is how a
volcano is born.


The shows didn't always run
smoothly. =Renee remembered
having problems in the play, like
when she was afraid of the dog
that played =Toto in the =New =York
=City performance. But after she
played with him, they became
good friends. Then when she
was performing in =California, the
dog that played =Toto was almost
as big as =Renee. When she
picked him up, she almost fell
over! Since =Renee had seven
cats and three dogs of her own, it
is hard to imagine that she
would have had any problems
with animals at all.
In spite of the hard work and
long hours, =Renee was glad to
play the leading role in  =The
=Wiz.  She had finally  
experienced one of her dreams,
being a singer and actress. She said
that she has other dreams she
would like to make come true.
 I'm fascinated by movies, 
she said.  I would like to act in
films and even direct a movie of
my own one day. 
=Renee really believes in the
advice =Glinda gives =Dorothy in
 =The =Wiz.  =Renee =Harris said,  If
you believe you can do it, you
really can do it. 



and shadow that would give
meaning to the subject. She
could see the exact angle at
which a picture had to be taken.
She could figure, almost without
thinking, the right distance, light,
lens opening, and shutter speed.
And her pictures showed it.
She was no braver than most
people, but when a picture was
involved she forgot to be afraid, 
or she didn't have time to fear.
Once, she needed a particular
picture of the =New =York =City  
skyline. There are =thousands of good
pictures of the skyline, but
=Margaret =Bourke-White wanted
another one, a different one.
Margaret could have shot it
from the bay or from across the
river. Or she could have shot it
from one of the bridges entering
the city, or from the ground,  
looking up at the roofs of the city. But
these were ordinary to =Margaret.
She wanted a new angle, and
found it on top of the =Chrysler
=Building. This building was, at
that time, the city s tallest
structure.
The =Chrysler =Building,  
however, had no roof on which a  
person could stand. It came to a
point. Just below the thick spire,
a =thousand feet over the city
streets, =Margaret found her best
position. That was the picture she
wanted, and that s where she
went to take it.
In the =1930 s, =Margaret  
entered a new field with her camera
, that of photojournalism. The
use of a series of photographs to
tell a story had become popular.
More and more newspapers and
magazines used photographs to
report important events  a photo
story . Words identifying people
and places and times were also
used, but the pictures told what
happened. Margaret  
=BourkeWhite felt right at home in this
field and eventually became one
of its leaders.
In =1936 =Margaret joined the
staff of =Life, the first picture news
magazine. The cover photograph
on =Life s first issue was taken by
=Margaret =Bourke-White. 


very pleasant, but also served to help me observe
cultural differences. From these pleasant times I
began to learn about the life styles of different
people.
Upon graduation in =1945, I started teaching.
After that I accepted a job in =Michigan as a health
lecturer. While teaching, I was able to continue my
education. In =1954, I received my master s degree
in sociology and anthropology. My dream was  
realized, I became an anthropologist.
In =1948, I married a fellow graduate student,
=James =Garner, whom I met at the =University of
=New =Mexico. A son was born to us in =1957.
From =1959 until =1967, I lived with my family in
=Canada. After returning to the =United =States, I
started work toward my PhD degree. I did some
more teaching at many colleges, which I found
rewarding. I have also kept in close touch with the

=Life has changed for =Wong
=Pei. Until she was eight years
old, =Pei had never been beyond
the small village in the =People s
=Republic of =China where she
was born.
=Pei attended the school in
her small village. Arithmetic
was easy for her. But learning to
read and write some of the
=thousands of characters used in
=Chinese writing was harder. =Pei
also worked in the fields outside
the village where her mother
and father worked all day.
=Wong =Pei and her family
have since left their village in
the =People s =Republic. They live
in a new factory town in =Hong
=Kong, one of many built by the
=Hong =Kong government. These
towns offer shelter and a place
to work to the tens of =thousands
of people who, like =Pei s family,
went to =Hong =Kong to seek a
different way of life.
=Pei s mother and father now
work in one of the factories near
their new home. The family has
a happy time visiting with
relatives who had arrived in
=Hong =Kong before they did.
=Pei and some of her brothers
and sisters go to school atop the
big building where they live.
There are many such high-rise
buildings in the new towns, each
with its own school.
Schools are crowded and,
like some children in =American,
students go to school in shifts.
Some attend classes in the
morning, others in the  
afternoon, and others in the evening.
=Pei is in school from eight in
the morning until one o clock.



In =Quechua  =keshwa , a  
native =Peruvian language, the
word =Inca means  lord.  In
their day, these people of the
=Andes were not called =Incas.
This is a name that has been
given to them by historians.
About eight =hundred years
ago, around =A.D. =1200, the first
=Inca people entered =Cuzco
=koosko  in what is now =Peru.
In time, this city, high in the
=Andes =Mountains of =South
=American, became the center of
a great empire.
We know very little about
what happened in =Cuzco  
between the years =1200 and =1438.
But we do know that from =1438
to =1532, a period of less than
one =hundred years, the =Incas
forged a great empire. It
stretched two =thousand miles
up and down =South =American
and included some six =million
people. In =1532, this mighty
empire was conquered by a
very small force of =Spanish
soldiers. It became a =Spanish
possession.



Would you take the book because one or more of the
chapter titles seemed interesting? Maybe you would. But
maybe you'd want to skim through the book rapidly to find
out more about it. If you were interested in chapter =2,  =Glass
=Wind =Chimes,  you might want to preview that chapter.
Previewing is one kind of skimming.  You'd look at the  
illustrations, or pictures, to see whether the finished gadgets
were
something you'd like to make. You might read all the  
headings or a few sentences to make sure you can follow the  
directions. Why might you also look for a list of the materials and
tools you'd need? scanning is a kind of rapid reading you do to get
a general
idea about a book, chapter, or article. Scanning is another
kind of rapid reading. You scan when you want to find a  
specific piece of information quickly.



Imagine time turned back  
almost a =million years. That was
the beginning of the Ice =Age in
=North =American. Great fields of ice
covered much of the northern
part of the continent.
The countryside near what is
now the city of =Los =Angeles,  
=California, looked much as it does
today. In the wide valley at what
is now called =Rancho =La =Brea,
clumps of trees and bushes were
sprinkled through tall grass.
To the east, the silver thread
of a river could just be seen.
In the foreground lay several
strange-looking pools. Each was
surrounded by a bare black patch
of ground on which nothing could
grow. The pools were half-liquid
asphalt, resembling tar. In fact,
these pools of asphalt are usually
known today as  tar pits.  At  
certain times, bubbles of oil and  
terrible-smelling gas broke through
them. After a rain, the surface
was probably covered with a few
inches of water. It was not good
water, but it was drinkable.  
During dry weather, a film of  
windblown dust made the tar look like
solid ground.

The Time of the Tiger.

A saber-toothed  tiger  had
just awakened from sleep. It was
a powerful beast, the most
dreaded killer of the country. It
had a short tail and huge front
legs. From either side of its upper
jaw, nine-inch teeth grew  
downward. They were curved like  
sabers, sharp and pointed. It wasn't
really a tiger, but it looked so
much like a tiger that this is what
it is usually called.
All of the country belonged to
the saber-toothed tiger by right of
its strength, ferocity, and terrible
teeth. Its teeth were like knives or
daggers. Those teeth could cut
through skin, flesh, even bone.
The saber-tooth was hungry.
The sun beat down with a blazing
heat, making the tiger lazy. Food
in plenty roamed nearby. The
tiger had only to choose. But the
day was hot, and the tiger didn't
want to move.
In the valley below, the tiger s
eye caught something moving.
Two huge, shaggy, golden-brown
animals were pushing through
the brush near a dry creek bed.
Instantly the tiger s body grew



Its yellow eyes blazed. Here
was a favorite prey, the big,
slow-moving ground sloths. They
were distant cousins of the small
sloths living today in =South
=American.
The sloths waddled about,
sure that they were safe. They
were safe enough from wolves
and even lions, but not from the
saber-tooth. The tiger s  
daggerlike teeth could cut through their
tough skin.



By =1850, the =Gates-Holloway =Market =Gardens had
become the biggest market gardens in the =United
=States. The =Daily =Advertiser, then a leading =Boston
newspaper, reported that the one-time =Love =Apple =Girl
from =Salem had gardened her way to impressive
wealth.
In =1866, =Lucy celebrated her =sixty-second birthday
with a grand adventure she had dreamed of since her
childhood. She set out for a plant-hunting and  
gardenviewing tour of the =European countries.
In Italy, =Lucy grew very interested in an ancient
vegetable that was important to the =Old =World but
almost unknown in the =United =States. She viewed with
wonder its big grayish-green leaves and the large fruit
or seedpods that changed from shiny green to a dark
blue-purple. When she asked the name of the fruit,
someone who spoke =English said,  =Eggplant. 
 It is too beautiful to eat,  =Lucy thought.  I would
gladly think of it as a thing of beauty alone. 
Later, back home in =Boston after she had planted
and grown her first collection of eggplant seeds, =Lucy s
neighbors and several of her customers took the same
view of the beautiful vegetable. The people wanted to
buy entire plants to be placed in their flower beds or
gardens rather than in their vegetable gardens.
&&000 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN  (1971-also 1974)  6TH GRADE   HM19716T.ASC
GALAXIES by William K. Durr etal
Source: Elmira College xerox scan edit by DPH February 6, 1993

&&111 



In the following ad. the writer uses  =Emotional =Words to
make housewives feel strongly against something. He hopes
that by arousing unfavorable attitudes toward this thing. he
will make the housewives want to buy the product that he is
advertising.
Tired of facing that pile of dirty. greasy dishes every
night? Tired of scouring those unsightly pots and
pans? Tired of subjecting your hands to the torture of
hot water and harsh, gritty detergents? Then buy a
NO-HANDS AUTOMATIC DISHWASHER and bid farewell to your daily
battles at the kitchen sink. What is it that the writer hopes
housewives will feel very strongly against? Yes, it's dishwashing.
By selecting words that make dishwashing seem even more unpleasant
than it probably is. the writer hopes to influence housewives to
buy a NO-HANDS AUTOMATIC DISHWASHER.
You have learned that much of the advertising you read is
propaganda. Do not get the impression, however, that all  
propaganda is deceitful and that all advertising that uses
propaganda is bad. Most of the propaganda used in advertising is
not   intended to deceive you, and advertising provides a valuable



by log, lead, and lookout.  The log checked the speed, the
lookout warned of dangers they could see, and the =lead2
warned of dangers beneath the surface of the water, sudden
shoals and reefs where they might go aground. He really
knew a good bit about a ship, =Nat thought, even though
this was his first voyage. Mr =Collins called all hands on deck to
be divided into watches.
I know what the watches are too, =Nat thought. A watch
is four hours; eight to midnight, midnight to four, and four
to eight in the morning; then eight till noon. and noon till
four. Then the next watch is the dog watch; it's divided
into two watches; four to six and six to eight. Dividing the
dog watch that way switches the hours of the watches for
the next twenty-four, so that the same men don't stand two
watches every night. Mr =Collins was calling a man's name. The
fellow nodded and moved to the larboard rail. Nat waS thinking: I
know about bells, too. One bell sounds the first half hour after



number that answers your question. Then read that particular
piece of information carefully. Follow this procedure now as
you read the following paragraph about =Niagara =Falls for the
purpose of finding the answer to this question: How  many
pounds of water flow over =Niagara =Falls every minute?

The =Niagara =Falls are located on the =Niagara =River  
between the province of =Ontario in =Canada and the state
of =New =York in the =United =States. There are really two
giant waterfalls divided by a small island. The one in
in =Canada is called the =Horseshoe =Falls. The other, in the
=United =States, is called the =American =Falls. Over one
=billion pounds of water a minute flow over the two falls.
Both the =United =States and =Canada use this water for
making electricity.

Did you skim quickly over the paragraph until you came to
the information that answered your question? What is the
answer that you found?  When your purpose for reading some
informative material is to thoroughly understand and remember all
the information that it gives about its topic, you should read that
material at a relatively slow reading rate. The paragraph about
=Niagara =Falls,  which you read very rapidly for the purpose of
finding the answer to a specific question, is printed again below.
Read the paragraph again now for the purpose of understanding
and remembering all the information that it gives about =Niagara
=Falls. Read as slowly and as carefully as you need to in order
to achieve this purpose.

The =Niagara =Falls are located on the =Niagara =River between the 
province of =Ontario in =Canada and the state of =New =York in the
=United =States. There are really two giant waterfalls divided by
a small island. The one in =Canada , is called the =Horseshoe
=Falls. The other. in the =United =States, is called the =American
=Falls. Over one =billion pounds of water a minute flow over the
two falls. 

Over one =hundred years ago, in a small schoolhouse at =Port
=Huron, =Michigan, a   seven-yearold boy was scolded severely by
his teacher. Instead of paying   attention to the lesson, he had
been drawing something on a sheet of paper. Later, when an
inspector visited the classroom, the teacher pointed out the boy
and said,  boy will never amount to anything. It's a waste of time
keeping him in school.  Yes, the schoolboy  who would never amount
to anything,  was young =Thomas =Alva =Edison. To his teacher and
his classmates he seemed dreamy and dull-witted, his mind always on
other things. But he grew up to be the greatest inventor our
country has ever known. The electric light, the motion picture, the
phonograph, these are only three of his many remarkable inventions.
=Millions of people have been employed and =billions of dollars
made by industries based on these three inventions alone. Perhaps
no other man did more than =Edison to make our country the great
and prosperous nation it is today. =Edison was born in =1847 in the
little town of =Milan, =Ohio, but when he was seven his parents
moved to =Port =Huron. For a few months he attended the local
school. This was all the formal education he ever received. When he
ran home sobbing one   afternoon to tell his mother what his
teacher had said about him, Mrs =Edison decided then and there to
take her son out of the crude local school and teach him herself.
She had been a schoolteacher   before she married, but more  
important than that, she knew her 


What statements would you make in checking the three other
subtopics in the outline on page =233? How will you choose from an
article points to use as details that tell about a subtopic in an
outline you are making of that article? First, think of a question
you expect the article to   answer about that subtopic. Then read
part or all of the article again to get the answers it gives. Do
that now for the first   subtopic in the outline on page =233. Try
using the question.  =What may department store ads do?
What answers did you get? They should be:   tell about
clothing available,    describe household furnishing on sale,
and   point out advantages of appliances carried. Now try to find
by yourself the details that the article on display ads gives for
other subtopics in the outline on page =233. For each subtopic,
remember to think of a question that will help you decide which
points are good ones. In the following complete outline of the
article on display ads, which ideas are the details?

Dr =Vector: Who knows what tremendous opportunities await him!
Dr =Archivista: When will he reappear, =Commander =Smith?
Commander =Smith: In twenty years, if all goes well.  
Meanwhile, we have set up a laser beam in space, like a  
searchlight, to guide him on his way home.
Dr =Archivista: Ah, a lighthouse for the new =Columbus.
Radar =Man: =Commander =Smith, I have a transcription of
the voice contact with the spaceship. Perhaps you would
like to hear it.
Commander =Smith: I'm sure we all would.  All nod, face
front.  Is it =Captain =Stardriver's voice?
Radar =Man: No, it's his daughter. She's singing.   Listen.
=Phoebe  Singing with guitar background to tune of  =OverYandro  
We're bound away, for to stay. A little while,
But we're coming back, Though we're infinity away,  Oh, please
remember us, And leave a candle in the sky, To guide us home,
Far away, Far away, Over yonder .     Softly fading 
Over yonder .    Commentator: Ladies and gentlemen, you have just 
witnessed the unforgettable launching of the pioneer  spaceship,
the =Santa =Maria the =Second. This ends our  three dimensional
telecast from =Palos, =Spain, =Friday, =August the third, in the
year twenty-four =hundred and   =ninetytwo. Dr =Archivista: =And to
think it all began with =Columbus on =August the third, fourteen
=hundred and   =ninetytwo !


 Well, said Mr =Jerusalem,  I have to pick up a popcorn
machine. And until I pick up this secondhand popcorn  
machine, there will be no room in the store for a new machine
such as you wish to deliver.  And he turned to go about his
buslness. But as Mr =Jerusalem started into the candy store,
=Little =Miltie raced his motor. Mr =Jerusalem hesitated. He  
remembered what had happened to =Morris the =Florist. He glanced
over his shoulder.
 I'm backing up, =Bud,  =Little =Miltie said.
Mr =Jerusalem sighed and walked back to move his cart
to the other side of the street.
Little =Miltie grinned.  That's a good boy, =Buster. 
Mr =Jerusalem did not reply, but as =Little =Miltie was  
backing into the place Mr =Jerusalem had left, the old peddler
took out his peashooter. He looked at it doubtfully.
 A man my age, with a peashooter!  he sighed.  Such
a craziness on =Delancey =Street.  =However, he inserted one
of the pea-pins, took careful aim, and fired.
For a moment nothing happened. Mr =Jerusalem felt
foolish.  All right, I admit it,  he said.  We are all crazy. 
Mr =Jerusalem was about to drop his peashooter in the
gutter when he heard a slight hissing sound, the sound of
air escaping from a tire.
 Or perhaps not so crazy,  said Mr =Jerusalem.
He put the peashooter back in his pocket and went to
collect the popcorn machine. When he came out of the candy
store, one of =Little =Miltie's rear tires was quite flat. Little
=Miltie was stamping up and down in the street and speaking
even more rudely to the tire than he had spoken to Mr
=Jerusalem.
 What is the matter?  asked Mr =Jerusalem.  The = is not leaping so
good? A little trouble maybe.?  =But =Little =Miltie was too angry
to reply.



At first, =Dave's father had ruled out the road beside the
railroad tracks for practice, but then he had had a talk with
Mr =Johnson. The old man had assured the father that it would
not be dangerous as long as =Dave stayed well away from the
tracks and used only the quiet road. Mr =Johnson also  
promised to  keep an eye  on the boy.
The father had smiled gently at that, then nodded:  All
right, Mr =Johnson, you do that, keep an eye on =Dave. 
=Day after day, =Dave, in shorts and tennis shoes, would
run on the cinder road. Each practice session would be  
followed by an encouraging talk with Mr =Johnson on his front
porch.  Your starting sprint for position and your pace are  
improving,  the old man would say.  But stretch those legs!
You must make the most of whatever the good =Lord gave you.
Stretch those legs, boy, stretch them! 
The next day =Dave would do just that. He would do all he
thought he could, then just a little more.
 It's the extra bit of effort that wins the races in life,  Mr
=Johnson pointed out on the day that he praised =Dave on his
stride.
 Tomorrow I'm really going to try extra hard,  said =Dave,
catching his breath from the long afternoon run.  We'll
be racing against =Hartford =High. Coach =Stevens is pleased
with the way I've come along, and says he thinks I can score
a win for =Lincoln. 
 =Coach =Stevens knows,  agreed Coach =Johnson.  When
you get that blue ribbon tomorrow, bring it here. I want to
feel that silk in my hand and be happy with you. 
But it would be quite a while before =Dave would again
see his old friend at the cottage beside the cinder road.
The next day, =Saturday, broke bright with optimism. But
=Dave, as he did practice starts on the track at =Lincoln =High
=School, had absorbed none of it. 

&&000 RAND McNALLY  (1978)  6TH GRADE          RAN9786T.ASC
SHIFTING ANCHORS by I didn't get the names
Source: SUNY Cortland xerox scan edit by DPH February 2, 1993

&&111



made by a boy from a whale's rib.
=Uri sat on the edge of the raft,
snifling at the wind.  =Mafatu  
always took his dog along, for =Uri
howled if he were left behind. And
=Mafatu had come to rely upon the
companionship of the little yellow
dog. The boy talked with the  
animal as if he were another person,
consulting with him, arguing,
playing when there was time for
play. They were very close, these two.
This morning as they  
approached the spot where the fish
trap was anchored, =Mafatu saw
the polished back fin of the hated
hammerhead circling slowly in
the water. It was like a triangle
of black basalt, making a little
furrow in the water as it passed.
=Aia, =Ma'o.  the boy shouted
roughly, trying to bolster up his
courage.  I have my knife today,
see! Coward who robs traps, 
catch your own fish! 
The hammerhead approached
the raft in leisurely fashion; it
rolled over slightly, and its gaping
jaws seemed to curve in a yawning
grin. =Uri ran to the edge of the
raft, barking furiously; the hair
on the dog's neck stood up in a
bristling ridge. The shark, unconcerned, 
moved away. 



depth almost everything showed
signs of having been burned in a
general disaster. =Heinrich was
outwardly calm, but =Sophie knew
his inner exultation. This  
appeared to be a whole city, a city
ravaged by fire.
In March he began a large  
excavation close to their living  
quarters. At considerable depth were
masses of partly vitrified bricks.
Huge storage jars, taller than a
man, still stood upright in their
places. Everywhere were traces
of ash. Droplets of glass told of the
melting heat of the fire that had
swept through this settlement.
They discovered and cleared a
steep, winding, paved street. At
its northern end was a double  
gateway, and embedded in the stone
were huge copper bolts.
=Calvert, their frequent and most
welcome visitor, marveled at the
size of the gate and its  
well-preserved bolts. =Heinrich waited
tensely for him to appraise this
newest find. =Hissarlik was  
deserted. It was evening, and for a
long while there was a dramatic
silence except for the steady
rhythm of =Heinrich's walking
stick =tap-tap-tapping against
his boot.
 I believe I can read your
thoughts,  =Calvert said at last.



 You shot my dog!  he shouted.
 I did, and I'm going to pot you
between the eyes!  =Emma =Lou
yelled.
=Jerome caught her arm.  Now,
now. You can't do that.  His voice
sounded strange and tight.
=Emma =Lou's arm dropped  
suddenly. She pulled away from
=Jerome and ran to where Mrs
=Grouch lay in the grass. She  
gathered the limp raccoon in her arms
and rocked back and forth. Then
she started crying. The tears
splashed down upon the bundle of
gray fur in her arms. =Donald
=Roger had been staring at her
haughtily. Now he looked  
uncomfortable. =Jerome began to feel
anger swelling up inside him.
He should tell this boy to get off his
land. But he couldn't say a word.
He just looked at =Donald =Roger,
and the boy began to squirm.

elements are nitrogen, phosphorus,
and potassium.
As it happens, most swampy
areas are lacking in nitrogen.
But nitrogen is found in all animal
bodies, including insects. So the
solution to the problem is simple.
If swamp plants capture and eat
animals, they will have the  
nitrogen they need for growth.
But plants are attached to the
ground by roots. How, then, can
they obtain their daily meat?
As we shall see, they set traps
and wait for the game to come to
them.

Venus'-flytrap.
One of the most interesting of
these flesh-eating plants is the
Venus'-flytrap, a plant that thrives
in only one small area of the world
 the coastal marshes of =North
and =South =Carolina. As far as  
appearance is concerned, a  
Venus'flytrap is not very unusual. But
when we study its habits, we
find that it is truly a plant wonder.
The plant is small. There are
a dozen or so leaves arranged in
the form of a rosette, and these
lie flat upon the ground or are
slightly raised. During the
blooming season the plant sends



who lived outside the city of
=Brighton.  =County =Kids  was the
title often applied to those  
students. Jack's idea was to organize
the  =County =Kids.  =There had
never been a student body  
president who lived outside of =Brighton.
This seemed clearly unfair to =Jack.
=Jack's campaign manager was
his best friend, =Evan =Roberts.
 Isn't it about time the =County
=Kids received a little recognition
in student body affairs?  =Evan
would say to an audience of county
students.  This town bunch has
had control of things long enough.
Of course, I'm only a hick, but if
I had anything to do with student
government affairs around this
school .    
With the opening of school in
=September, =Jack and =Evan  
began the organization of their
political machine.  What we
need,  said the young candidate
to his campaign manager,  is an
active, hard-working person from
each of the county communities.
The thing that counts most in
politics is organization and  
personal work. 
 What do those people have to
do?  =Evan asked
 Personally talk with all the
students in their districts and



As she walked along through the
night, keeping the =North =Star
always ahead of her, =Harriet made
a plan. She would turn these  
dangers into advantages, if she could.
In the darkest part of the night
the little party of six walked  
cautiously along a road. Then they
heard a horse's hoofs coming their
way. Some rider was out late.
=Harriet whispered to the others,
and they all rolled over into the
brush beside the road, lying  
perfectly still. The horse shied as it
passed them, but luckily there was
no dog following.
When daylight came, they
left the road and skirted houses in
a wide circle. For once =Harriet
broke her rule and traveled in
daytime. She wanted to put as
many miles as possible between
her and the slave catchers.
Late in the afternoon on  
=Christmas =Eve the party came to the
cabin. Under cover of dusk they
slipped into a shed. =Harriet sent
=Peter =Jackson and =John =Chase
out to talk with her father. These
two strangers called =Old =Ben
from the cabin and spoke to him
in whispers.
 Listen carefully,  they said.
 =Harriet is out there in the shed,
and so are =Benjamin and =Robert.
They've run away and want to
wait here to see if =Henry catches
up with them. =Harriet wants to
know if you can slip some food
through the door to us. 



explosions. And then there was silence.
Again =Jeremy and =Jemima
looked at each other, now really
rather worried. Had something gone wrong?
But =Commander =Pott just said,
 She's a bit cold. Now then!  He
pressed the starter again. And
this time, after the first two
=CHITTY sneezes and the two
soft =BANGS, the =BANGS ran on
and into each other so as to make
a delicious purring rumble such
as neither =Mimsie nor =Jeremy
nor =Jemima had ever heard before
from a piece of machinery.  
Commander =Pott put the big car into
gear, and slowly they rumbled
and roared out of the workshop
into the sunshine and up the lane
toward the highway, and the
springs were soft as silk, and  
always this delicious rumble came
out behind from the huge fishtail
exhausts.
When they got to the side road
that joined the highway,  
=Commander =Pott pressed the big bulb of
the boa-constrictor horn, and it
let out a deep, polite, but rather
threatening roar, and then,  
because he wanted to show  
everything to the children, =Commander
=Pott pressed the electric horn
button in the middle of the wheel



grazed his ear. There was a  
triumphant shout, and two warriors
ran forward to loosen his bonds.
Half a dozen of the others lifted
him up on their shoulders, carried
him around the fire three times,
and finally set him before the man
whose voice =Nils had heard earlier.
It was apparent to =Nils that this
was the chief of the red-skinned
men. His bearing and dignity
and, above all, the kindly  
intelligence of his features convinced
=Nils that this man must be the
leader of the warriors as =Karl was
leader of the =Vikings. The chief
spoke to him in a commanding
tone of voice. When =Nils showed
that he did not understand, he
was surprised to hear the chief
speak to him in the language of
the =Eskimos.
 You have shown great bravery
for one of so few summers. Each
year at the time of the harvest
moon, the =Algonquins capture the
first stranger met on their journey
and put him to a test of courage.
If the strange one shows weakness,
he must die. If he shows himself



=Peter's main ambition was to
load himself with =Furloy and
fly. To do this, he would have to
make himself a harness and attach
to this harness enough of the  
antigravity metal to make himself
weigh nothing or just a shade less
than nothing. The following  
morning he and =Houghton went  
furiously to work on the harness. They
bought themselves straps of  
different widths, lengths, and  
thicknesses, and, a thought of =Peter's
which =Houghton found  
particularly brilliant, six of those little
numbered leather bags which
golfers tie onto the heads of their
woods to protect them when not
in use. The =Furloy balls would be
inserted in these and tied to the
harness at the most appropriate
spots for good suspension in  
midair and pleasant flying.
Peter stood on a bathroom scale.
Wearing a =T-shirt, trousers, and
sneakers, he weighed around =132
pounds. He stayed on the scale
while =Houghton bound the straps
around him in different  
combinations, trying to find a strong and
comfortable solution. The first
one they settled on was made
of three belts, two of which went
over his shoulders and looped



playground was green with grass
 Grass doesn't grow in the city, 
=Susan remarked quietly.  The
earth is cement. It must be needed
to hold up all the buildings. 
The taxi turned a corner.
 Your street,  =Running =Tongue
announced.
The taxi stopped before a gray
stone building. =Susan noticed a
little square of dirt in front of
the door and two dirty children
scratching in it with sticks.
=Running =Tongue jumped from
the car. Mother, =Susan, and =Father
grabbed their bags and blanket
rolls and hurried to keep up with
her. She opened the front door of
the building and pressed her
finger on a little brass button.
A buzzing sound shook the knob,
and she pushed the door open.
=Running =Tongue explained,  This
is your button. The building  
manager will show you how to use it
and give you your keys. 
She walked ahead of them up a
narrow row of stairs to a hallway,
and then up more stairs. =Susan
grabbed the fullness of =Mother's
skirt. She couldn't see.
Like the hole of a spider, =Susan
thought, as the light from the  
doorway grew dimmer.
At the top of the second  
stairway, =Running =Tongue stopped
&&000 SCOTT, FORESMAN (1978) 6TH GRADE READER      SF19786T.ASC
RACING STRIPES  by Richard G. Smith and Robert Tierney
Source: Elmira College xeroxed, scanned and edited by DPH 12-18-92

&&111 
That is =Maria =Gardella above. She is giving an oral report
to her class. And she is doing a good job. The subject of her
report is =Types of =Stories.
A few days ago =Maria had written a fine report on the
subject =So when her teacher asked =Maria to give an oral
report on it, she was not too concerned. But the teacher told
=Maria that she would not be allowed to read from her
written report. Then she became a little worried.
 If I can't read from my written report, how will I be able
to remember all the important information that's in it? 
=Maria had asked her teacher.
 You can talk from an outline, =Maria,  her teacher had
answered.  You have learned how to make an outline of an
article to help you remember the important information it
gives. You can make and use an outline of your report in the
same way. You may look at your outline as you give your
oral report. The outline will help you remember the
important points. And it will help you tell about them in the
right order. 



Heavy pieces of wood were
used to make a platform, or
crib, under the ends of the
beams. Jacks, much like those used for cars,
were placed on the platforms.
The jacks were used to raise the house off the foundation.
Some of the lower bricks were knocked off and left behind.


a cat to be in one of their commercials. =Martwick had tried
to beg off. He said he had trained a lot of dogs but never a
cat. But the company wouldn't listen.
=Martwick remembers when he first saw the orange tiger.
The cat was acting very cool considering what was about to
happen.  I didn't know if he was a star. But I had a feeling
he was something special. 
=Martwick took the orange tiger out of the cage and
placed him on the floor. He dropped a tin food plate a few
feet away to see what the cat would do. The orange tiger
gave him a  so what?  look. Then the cat came up and
rubbed against =Martwick's pants leg. Thus was formed a



The map above is a physical map. This kind of map |
shows what the land is like. Physical maps show many
features. This one shows plateaus, lowlands, plains, and
mountains or highlands.
See how the map key and the use of colors make it clear
what the land of =Australia is like. What kind of land is shown
in brown? Which region is larger, the lowland or the plateau?
One of many different kinds of special-purpose maps is
shown at the top of the next page. It is a rainfall map. It
shows the average amount of rain that falls in different parts
of =Australia in a year.
The map key, or legend, tells you what each of the
different markings on the map means. Does most of
=Australia receive light, moderate, or heavy rainfall during the
year? About how much rain falls on the city of =Darwin?



There are treasures in a library. A good book can be a
treasure of enjoyment or information. It's not really hard to
find these treasures. There is a guide that can help you find
them. That guide is the card catalog.

A card catalog is made up of cards that list all the books in a
library. The cards are arranged in alphabetical order and
filed in drawers. There are alphabetical guides on the front
of each drawer.

Look at the guides on the drawers of the card catalog shown
above. Each guide shows one or two letters. Some guides
may show parts of words or whole words. There are also
guide cards inside the drawers.

There are usually three kinds of cards in the card catalog for
each book in the library. The cards for one book are shown
on page =94.



This for me, this for you, this for you,   the chief of
the robbers was counting, as he made a little pile of money
in front of each man.

 This for me, this for you, this for you,   he counted.
 And one for me!  cried =Jean =Sot.
 Who's that?  =The men listened and heard nothing but the
leaves rustling.

 This for me, this for you, this for you,   the chief
began counting again.

 And one for me!  cried =Jean =Sot.

 Who's that?  cried the chief.  I'll wring the fool's neck! 

This frightened =Jean =Sot so much that he began to
tremble. He trembled so hard that the door slipped off his
back and fell down on the robbers. The seven robbers
jumped to their feet and ran off.

Then =Jean =Sot climbed down from the tree and picked up
all the money and went home with it.

 Not so foolish after all,  said his mother.



Being able to see similarities in the relationships between
different things is important. In your reading you often see
similarities between different people, places, events, things,
or ideas.

The short article below tells about the games of table tennis
and tennis. As you read it, note what is alike and what is
different about these two games.

Table tennis, or =Ping-Pong as it is sometimes called, is
mostly an indoor game. It is played on a table that is =9 feet
long and =5 feet wide. A net divides the table in half.

Two or four persons may play in a game. Each player uses
a wooden paddle. The players hit a small ball back and
forth over the net. Each player tries to score points by
hitting the ball so that his or her opponent cannot return it
over the net and onto the table. Usually the first player or
team to score =21 points wins the game.

Tennis is played outdoors or indoors. It is played on a
court that is =78 feet long and =27 or =36 feet wide. The court
is divided in half by a net that is stretched across it.

Tennis may be played with two or four players. Each
player uses a racket to hit a ball back and forth over the
net. A player or team scores a point when the other player
or team fails to return the ball over the net and into the
court. To win a game, one side must score at least =4
points.



 If it isn't one thing, it's another,  chided the =Minister to
the =Earl.
 Out of the frying pan into the fire,  shouted the =Count,
blaming himself badly.
 You don't have to bite my head off,  screamed the
terrified =Earl as he flew at the others in a rage.
The five of them scuffled wildly under the table.
 STOP =THAT =AT =ONCE!  thundered =Azaz.  Stop that or
I'll banish the lot of you! 
Sorry. 
Excuse me. 
Forgive us. 
Pardon. 
Regrets,  they apologized in turn, and sat down glaring
at each other.
The rest of the meal was finished in silence until the
=King, wiping the gravy stains from his vest, called for
dessert.  =Milo, who had not eaten anything, looked up
eagerly.
 We're having a special treat today,  said the =King as the
delicious smells of homemade pastry filled the banquet hall.
 By royal command the pastry chefs have worked all night in
the half bakery to make sure that,  
 =The half bakery?  questioned =Milo.
 Of course,  snapped the =King.  Where do you think
half-baked ideas come from? Now please don't interrupt. By
royal command the pastry chefs have worked all night to,  
What's a half-baked idea?  asked =Milo again.
 Will you be quiet?  growled =Azaz angrily. But before he
could begin again, three serving carts were pushed into the
hall, and everyone jumped up to help himself.
 They're very tasty,  explained the =Humbug.  But they
don't always agree with you. Here's one that's very good. 
He handed it to =Milo, who saw that the pastry stated: =The
=Earth Is =Flat.



They heard the bubbling of
sorghum boiling down into
molasses.

They listened to the
putt-putting of old-time cars,
and the =ah-ooga of their horns.

They heard the chugging and
tooting of this =1906 locomotive
on its narrow track.

=Whoops! Was that =Honest
=Abe passing by?